Complications of Sanitary-Epidemiological Situation and Risk of Emergency Situations Appearance in the Sphere of Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being in the Natural and Anthropogenic Catastrophes

Presented is the survey of emergency in the sphere of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population as per reported cases and data of the monitoring which has been carried out in 2010. Natural and anthropogenic disasters where such emergency is appeared or can appear are considered too. Natural catastrophes - earthquakes, volcanic explosions, overflow water, tsunami, dry spell and anthropogenic catastrophes - humanitarian, technogenic catastrophes, bioterroristic acts, accidents, related to operation with pathogen biological agents are examined in this review as the conditions preceding the emergency. Nosological entities for the infection diseases, which are most common in natural and anthropogenic catastrophes as well as conditions and factors predisposing to their activation, are identified. Shown is the data of adverse epidemiological situation caused by natural and anthropogenic catastrophes and the examples of use of the biological agents for terroristic aims

Cast Porous Charges on a Base of Ammonium Nitrate-Urea Eutectic

There are great number tasks of explosive technique, requiring the charges with low pressure and detonation velocity. Powerful tool of regulation of these parameters is lowering of charge density. The main goal of this work is elaboration of technology of manufacture and investigation of explosive properties of charges on a base of eutectic ammonium nitrate-urea mixtures (AN/UR) that have melting point T[m] < 100 C. The physicochemical properties of these mixtures were investigated by means of DSC method and fusion diagram of them was plotted. The composition AN/UR 80/20, that has Tm= 80-90 C was chosen for subsequent investigation. The molten composition was mixed with fine aluminum powder, portion of it was placed into paper tube. The level of a liquid was less than length of the tube. Crystallization of melted mixtures was carried out in vacuum chamber, the level of liquid increased at pumping because of expansion of air bubbles introduced with aluminum particles and reached the upper cork of tube. In such a way porous charges were formed. The dependence of charge density vs. population of tubes by melted mixtures was plotted. Calculated heat explosion of mixtures at content of aluminum Al = 10-15% is Qv = 4.5-5.3 MJ/kg, calculated detonation velocity at density ρ = 0.5-1 g/cm3 changes from D = 3.2 to 5.2 km/s. Detonability of charges was investigated experimentally. Failure diameter (df) of detonation was measured, it was df = 22 mm (ρ = 0.6-0.7 g/cm3) for charges without confinement at initiation by means of booster or blasting cap

Research of the process of thermal depolarization of ferroelectric ceramics (Pb, Sr)(Zr, Ti) O3

The article presents the results of X-ray, microstructural and piezoelectric researches of ferroelectric ceramics samples based on solid solution (Pb0,95Sr0,05)(Zr0,58Ti0,42)O3, subjected to annealing. It is shown that annealing at the critical temperature Тсr, which is below the Curie point, leads to disordering of the domain structure, resulting in a sharp decrease in the piezoelectric properties. This behavior is explained by the different response to temperature change of lattice polarization and of polarization conditioned by the presence of domain structure. The estimation of the energy of domain walls pinning on structural defects is given