59 research outputs found
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π· ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
The use of glued lens components in optical devices improves the image quality of telescopic and photographic lenses or inverting systems by eliminating a number of aberrations, and also reduces light losses in the optical system of the device. The traditional production process of lenses gluing involves the sequential execution of a set of technological operations and takes a significant period of time. The purpose of the research was to improve the accuracy and productivity of the technological process of lenses gluing by improving the optical system of the control and measuring device and automating the operation of lenses optical axes combining by introducing an electronic reference system and mechanisms for micro-movements of optical parts.A technique is proposed for centering of two and three-component optical blocks by an autocollimation flare which provides a matching accuracy of less than 0.5 ΞΌm. The possibility of constructive modernization of the classic ST-41 autocollimation microscope with parallel separation of the displayed output information in the visual and television channels is shown. An automated system for controlling of the process of convergence of autocollimation points in the device is proposed. Using software methods an electronic grid template is formed on the monitor screen, onto which images of autocollimation points are projected. The decentering value 2Ξe is determined and a corrective control voltage is applied to three stepper motors and pushers for transverse movement of the glued optical part.Specialized software has been developed for automatically bringing the position of the autocollimating crosshair to the center of the measuring scale of the grid based on a combination of two methods of βleast squaresβ and βsuccessive approximationβ. Compliance with a number of technological transitions and the accompanying control of geometric parameters make it possible to achieve greater accuracy in determining the eccentricity of the crosshairs of the aligned optical axes of the glued lenses.Β ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°. Π’ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π· Π·Π° ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½Π· ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
- ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 0,5 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Β ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Β ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Β ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° Π‘Π’-41 Β Ρ Β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Β ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Β ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Β Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β Π² Β Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Β ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 2Ξe ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β Β«Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ». Π‘ΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ
THE ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION WITH C-REACTIVE PROTEIN (THE DATA OF ESSE-RF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY)
Aim. To study the association of depression with a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level, taking into account the main risk factors and noncommunicable diseases in Russia residents.Material and methods. The data of ESSE-RF multicenter study (a representative sample of the unorganized male and female population aged 25-64 years from 8 regions surveyed in 2012-2014) were used in the work. A total 11884 people were involved into the study including 35.9% men. The examination included a survey on the standard questionnaire containing data on disease history, etc. The level of depression was assessed by the validated in Russian Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, 1983). hsCRP level was determined in all patients.Results. The continuing association between elevated levels of depression (HADS-D β₯8+) and high level of hsCRP β₯3.0 mg/l (odds ratio [OR] 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.27; p=0.009) was found in the multivariate model, after adjustment for sex, age, education, and risk factors. Reducing of the relationship of elevated levels of depression with a high level of hsCRP (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.00-1.24; p=0.048) was found with the additional introduction of diseases in the model. This relationship was reduced to not statistically significant level (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.98-1.20; p=0.134) in the full model adjusted for regions.Conclusion. The reduced association of depression with hsCRP ajusted for aggregate risk factors was found in the study. This suggests about multifactor affecting on this relationship
Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Modern Benchmark for Assessing Lipid Metabolism Disorders
Aim. To perform a population analysis of Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol level (non-HDL-c) in Russian population and to evaluate its association with cardiovascular events.Material and Methods. The material consisted of results obtained from 11 regions of the ESSE-RF1 Study and from 4 regions of the ESSE-RF2 Study. Study protocols were identical. The studies were performed in 2012-2014 and 2017, respectively. Endpoints were assessed in 19041 people aged 35-64 years. The median follow-up was 6.5 years in ESSE RF (1) and 3.8 years in ESSE RF(2). Analysis was performed for three lipid variables: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDLC in two samples: the general population sample and the same sample without individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI) and/or stroke history and not taking statins (the population sample of "without a history of cardiovascular diseases [CVD]". The analysis of nonlinear associations was performed using the generalized additive Cox model. The combined cardiovascular endpoint was represented by cardiovascular death and nonfatal MI and stroke. Traditional and laboratory FRs, socio-demographic parameters were analyzed. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was set to be 0.05.Results. The prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C level (>3.7 mmol/l) was found to be 74.6%. No gender differences were found: there was 74.6% for men and 74.5% for women. Both mean values and prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C were increased with age in women, and its level was slightly decreased in men after 55 years old. Almost all analyzed RFs were significantly associated with elevated non-HDL-C in these two population samples. In both samples elevated total CH and elevated LDL-C were associated with all-cause mortality after correction for all RFs. On the contrary, the non-HDL-C was associated with CVD combined end pints. It has been shown that the risk of these end points increases uniformly with increase in levels of non HDL cholesterol, no nonlinear associations were found.Conclusion. The results of a population-based analysis of non-HDL-C performed in the Russian population for the first time confirmed that elevated non-HDL-C levels contribute significantly to determining the risk of cardiovascular events in the medium term. It can be assumed that the new risk scales (SCORE2 and SCORE OP) proposed by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Preventive Cardiology, which include non-HDL C instead of TC, will allow adequate assessment of 10-year cardiovascular risk for Russians. However, continued monitoring of endpoints in order to obtain stable associations is required
MULTIMARKER DIAGNOSTIC PANELS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Aim. To consider an opportunity for application of different combinations of biochemical and bioimaging parameters to create different multimarker diagnostic panels designed for assessment of risk of coronary atherosclerosis and its complications.Material and methods. To the analysis, data included, obtained from patients 18 y.o. and older (n=502), investigated at NMRCPR of the Ministry of Health in 2011-2013, who had undergone diagnostic coronary arteriography and duplex carotid scanning. Atherosclerosis burden was measured according the Gensini score. Subfractional spectrum of apoB-lipoproteides was assessed with the Quantimetrix Lipoprint LDL System (USA), biochemistry was done with standard lab. methods. Statistics was done with software Statistica v.10, IBM SPSS Statistics v.20, SAS v.9.4.Results. Several multimarker combinations (panels) for non-invasive estimation of risk of coronary atherosclerosis detection and its severity were proposed. These are 1) an index K, calculated as ratio of the sum of potentially atherogenic subfractions to the large physiologically active LDL1 particles; index K >1,7 indicates an increased atherogenic potential of apo B-containing particles even with normal lipid profile, and can be used for non-invasive prediction of coronary atherosclerosis; 2) duplex complexes as adiponectin to endothelin ratio which <7,0 is associated with coronary atherosclerosis risk only in men, and as leptin to insulin ratio which <3,5 is associated with elevated atherosclerosis risk only in women; 3) integrated biomarker BIO represented the combination of individual visual and biochemical variables and permitted to discriminate patients from those with no coronary atherosclerosis or having subclinical or severe atherosclerotic lesions.Conclusion. Proposed multimarker diagnostic panel could be regarded as novel potential biomarkers of coronary atherosclerosis risk and severity, however validation of these markers is necessary. The problem of cardiovascular risk stratification and further prevention activities should be solved with the search for novel markers and combinations of markers
RATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA WITH DIFFERENT TOTAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Approaches to the total cardiovascular risk calculation based on the actual clinical recommendations are presented as well as the application of risk categories for the choice of strategy of dyslipidemia correction. The use of statins as lipid-lowering therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome and coronary angioplasty are also discussed.</p
Valid cardiac biomarkers. Part I
Biomarkers are widely used for the diagnosing of diseases, evaluation of their severity, prediction of outcomes, and for monitoring the effectiveness and safety of targeted therapy. This review describes specific cardiac biomarkers approved by FDA (Food and Drug AdministrationΠ±USA). The list of described biomarkers is not exhaustive. In addition to the general concepts of biomarkers, definitions and classification, this Part I of the review contains data on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases associated with atherosclerosis
C-reactive protein: modern state of the problem
The paper presents the modern views on C-reactive protein (CRP) as a potential risk factor (RF) of atherosclerosis progression. At present, the statement that CRP could be regarded as important as classical RFs (arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, or smoking) remains controversial. However, CRP is a well-known major inflammatory marker, which is recommended for more accurate risk stratification in clinical practice
Management accounting Techniques in the hospitality industry
Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉThis article represents an overview of the management accounting techniques used in the Hospitality Industry. The main differences between financial and management accounting are explained. Much attention is given to the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI) and principles of its operation. The Key Performance Indicators used in the Hospitality Industry are analysed. Advantages and disadvantages of the USALI standards are assessed during the practical research. The article is focused on models of USALI implementation. The recommendations for the improvement of management accounting system in the Belarusian hotels are given
Management accounting Techniques in the hospitality industry
Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉThis article represents an overview of the management accounting techniques used in the Hospitality Industry. The main differences between financial and management accounting are explained. Much attention is given to the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry (USALI) and principles of its operation. The Key Performance Indicators used in the Hospitality Industry are analysed. Advantages and disadvantages of the USALI standards are assessed during the practical research. The article is focused on models of USALI implementation. The recommendations for the improvement of management accounting system in the Belarusian hotels are given
SUBFRACTION DISTRIBUTION OF APO B-CONTAINING LIPOPROTEINS DEPENDING ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE TARGET LEVEL OF LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS UNDER STATINS THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Aim. To reveal whether there are differences in subfractional distribution of apo B-containing lipoproteins in men and women with coronary atherosclerosis treated with statins depending on low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level.Material and methods. Patients aged 33-85 years with angiography documented coronary atherosclerosis were included into the study (n=133): 97 men (mean age 61Β±9.0 years) and 36 postmenopausal women (mean age 65Β±9.3 years). Patients were on statin therapy at least 6 months before admission: atorvastatin (10-40 mg/day), simvastatin (20-40 mg/day), rosuvastatin (10-40 mg/day) and pravastatin (20 mg/day). Subfractional apo B-containing lipoproteins distribution was analyzed by electrophoresis in a 3% polyacrylamide gel.Results. Men achieving target LDL cholesterol level (<2.5 mmol/l) as compared with those with higher LDL cholesterol level alongside with decreased proatherogenic lipids and apolipoproteins, had less atherogenic LDL subfractional profile: lower portion of LDL 2 (7.3Β±3.4 ΠΈ 9.9Β±3.9%, p<0.01), small dense LDL 3 (1.3Β±1.2 ΠΈ 2.2Β±2.2%, Ρ<0.05), LDL 4 (0.2Β±0.2 ΠΈ 0.3Β±0.5%, p<0.05), and concentration of cholesterol in this subfrtactions. These differences were associated with elevated mean size of LDL particles (270.8Β±3.0 vs 268.8Β±3.9Β Γ
, p<0,01). On the other hand, women, despite achieving target LDL cholesterol level, had elevated apo B level and apo B/AI ratio without any differences in subfractional profile of low densities lipoproteins.Conclusion. In patients with coronary atherosclerosis treated with statins, antiatherogenic shifts in apo B-containing lipoproteins, decrease of cholesterol concentration subfractions coupled by elevation of mean LDL particle size were found only in men who reached target LDL cholesterol level
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