Epidemiological analysis of factors influencing the course of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients with concomitant viral hepatitis

The epidemiological significance of combined forms of especially dangerous infections has not been studied enough, unlike mono-infections. Currently, there is a tendency towards an increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The formation of severe forms of the disease is caused by other widespread infections, such as chronic viral hepatitis and HIV. Polymorbid conditions distort the clinical manifestations of tuberculosis, reduce the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis therapy and worsen the prognosis of the disease. Risk factors among patients in this category need analysis to carefully monitor patients and ensure infection control. Objective is to analyze the factors affecting the course of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients with concomitant viral hepatitis. Materials and methods. Cases of the combined pathology of multiresistant tuberculosis, HIV infection and viral hepatitis with a dominant diagnosis of tuberculosis are analyzed. Results and discussion. The influence of the immunological status on the course of combined pathology was revealed. Since all the patients under study had clinical stage 4 of HIV infection, tuberculosis developed as an opportunistic infection. Severe immunosuppression (CD4 < 200 cells/ml) contributed to the progression of the generalized tuberculosis process. Long-term immunodeficiency was an unfavorable factor; in the overwhelming majority of cases, antiretroviral therapy was prescribed only after tuberculosis was detected. The dependence of the clinical form of tuberculosis on the level of CD4-lymphocytes was noted: isolated lesion of the chest organs prevailed in patients with a level of CD4-lymphocytes more than 200 cells/ml, generalization of TB process — with CD4 less than 200 cells/ml. Patients with miliary tuberculosis had a higher mortality rate compared to patients with other clinical forms, regardless of antiretroviral therapy. It was revealed that socially disoriented young people with viral hepatitis C prevailed in the structure of patients, the prevalence of which was due to the influence of aggravating factors, such as alcohol and drug abuse, and stay in prisons. Against the background of combined treatment, there was no significant effect of viral hepatitis on the course of polymorbid conditions and the effectiveness of the therapy

Милиарно-язвенный туберкулез полости рта у пациентки с туберкулезом легких на фоне ВИЧ-инфекции

Tuberculosis cutis orificialis is a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis. The article presents 5 clinical cases of tuberculosis cutis orificialis of the oral cavity and lips that were described in publications. We present our own clinical case of successful treatment of tuberculosis cutis orificialis of the oral cavity, red border of the lips and skin of the lower lip against the background of multiple drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in a HIV positive patient. The case was especially difficult due to a long diagnostic search (10 months), severe immunosuppression, and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Милиарно-язвенный туберкулез – редкая форма туберкулеза кожи. Приведены данные 5 клинических случаев милиарно-язвенного туберкулеза полости рта и губ, описанных в литературе. Представлено собственное клиническое наблюдение успешного излечения милиарно-язвенного туберкулеза полости рта, красной каймы губ и кожи нижней губы на фоне туберкулеза легких с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью у больной с ВИЧ-инфекцией. Сложность случая была обусловлена длительным диагностическим поиском (10 мес.), выраженной иммуносупрессией, лекарственной устойчивостью микобактерии туберкулеза