Кто «открыл» озеро Восток?

A history of the subglacial lake Vostok that had been revealed near this Soviet Antarctic Station is briefly described in the paper. Three participants of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions played a significant part in the history of the Lake discovery, and they were a navigator of polar aviation R.V. Robinson, a physicist I.A. Zotikov, and a geographer A.P. Kapitsa. R.V. Robinson was the first man who had indicated to evidence of a subglacial lake in contours of the glacier surface; I.A. Zotikov had substantiated a hypothesis of a subglacial melting in central regions of the Antarctic continent and possible presence of water bodies in depressions of the glacier bed; A.P.  Kapitsa had obtained by means of seismic sounding the original reflections which were later interpreted as reflections from subglacial water layer. And lastly, in some time later, the Britain glaciologist G. Robin had performed the thorough radio sounding in the vicinity of the Vostok station and finally proved existence of a large subglacial water body in this region. Further on, the lake was investigated by many participants of the Russian Antarctic Expeditions, as well as by scientists from the Britain Scott Institute and members of the American Antarctic Expeditions. Now this is the largest and the mostly studied subglacial lake in the Antarctica among almost 400 similar lakes revealed under the ice sheet.Изложена история открытия подледникового озера Восток, обнаруженного в районе одноимённой советской антарктической станции. В  истории открытия озера главное значение имеют три имени участников советских антарктических экспедиций: штурмана полярной авиации Р.В. Робинсона, физика И.А.  Зотикова и географа А.П.  Капицы. Дальнейшие исследования озера выполнены многими участниками Российских антарктических экспедиций, учёными Британского полярного института имени Р.  Скотта и членами американских антарктических экспедиций. Сейчас это самое крупное и наиболее изученное подледниковое озеро в Антарктиде из почти 400 таких же озёр, обнаруженных под ледниковым щитом

Исследование ортогональности сигналов с вращением вектора поляризации

The objects of this study were the properties of time-bound electromagnetic waves (wave packets) from rotating in space vectors of polarization with a constant angular velocity. It is shown that the formal condition of function orthogonality on some interval of their argument, which is an integrated energy characteristics of their mutual influence, can be extended to a system of time-wave packets with the specified polarization characteristics. It is designed an adjustable threshold criterion level, which defines the boundaries of signals orthogonality in a two-dimensional space of frequency-difference parameters. It has been demonstrated that with an increase in the duration of these packages there is a tendency to extend the set of frequency parameters that satisfy the criteria specified level of orthogonality.Объектами данного исследования являлись свойства ограниченных во времени электромагнитных колебаний (волновых пакетов) с вращающимися в пространстве с постоянной угловой скоростью векторами поляризации. Показано, что формальное условие ортогональности функций на некотором интервале их аргумента, которое представляет собой интегральную энергетическую характеристику их взаимного влияния, может быть распространено на систему ограниченных во времени волновых пакетов с указанными поляризационными характеристиками. Разработан пороговый критерий с регулируемым уровнем, определяющим границы ортогональности таких сигналов в двумерном пространстве их частотно-разностных параметров. Продемонстрировано, что с увеличением длительности указанных пакетов наблюдается тенденция расширения множества их частотных параметров, удовлетворяющих установ-енному уровню критерия ортогональности

Who discovered the Lake Vostok?

A history of the subglacial lake Vostok that had been revealed near this Soviet Antarctic Station is briefly described in the paper. Three participants of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions played a significant part in the history of the Lake discovery, and they were a navigator of polar aviation R.V. Robinson, a physicist I.A. Zotikov, and a geographer A.P. Kapitsa. R.V. Robinson was the first man who had indicated to evidence of a subglacial lake in contours of the glacier surface; I.A. Zotikov had substantiated a hypothesis of a subglacial melting in central regions of the Antarctic continent and possible presence of water bodies in depressions of the glacier bed; A.P.  Kapitsa had obtained by means of seismic sounding the original reflections which were later interpreted as reflections from subglacial water layer. And lastly, in some time later, the Britain glaciologist G. Robin had performed the thorough radio sounding in the vicinity of the Vostok station and finally proved existence of a large subglacial water body in this region. Further on, the lake was investigated by many participants of the Russian Antarctic Expeditions, as well as by scientists from the Britain Scott Institute and members of the American Antarctic Expeditions. Now this is the largest and the mostly studied subglacial lake in the Antarctica among almost 400 similar lakes revealed under the ice sheet

Study of Orthogonal Signals to the Rotation of the Polarization Vector

The objects of this study were the properties of time-bound electromagnetic waves (wave packets) from rotating in space vectors of polarization with a constant angular velocity. It is shown that the formal condition of function orthogonality on some interval of their argument, which is an integrated energy characteristics of their mutual influence, can be extended to a system of time-wave packets with the specified polarization characteristics. It is designed an adjustable threshold criterion level, which defines the boundaries of signals orthogonality in a two-dimensional space of frequency-difference parameters. It has been demonstrated that with an increase in the duration of these packages there is a tendency to extend the set of frequency parameters that satisfy the criteria specified level of orthogonality.</p

Study of Orthogonal Signals to the Rotation of the Polarization Vector

The objects of this study were the properties of time-bound electromagnetic waves (wave packets) from rotating in space vectors of polarization with a constant angular velocity. It is shown that the formal condition of function orthogonality on some interval of their argument, which is an integrated energy characteristics of their mutual influence, can be extended to a system of time-wave packets with the specified polarization characteristics. It is designed an adjustable threshold criterion level, which defines the boundaries of signals orthogonality in a two-dimensional space of frequency-difference parameters. It has been demonstrated that with an increase in the duration of these packages there is a tendency to extend the set of frequency parameters that satisfy the criteria specified level of orthogonality

Modulation of Human Complement System by Antimicrobial Peptide Arenicin-1 from <i>Arenicola marina</i>

Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates are known not only to act like cytotoxic agents, but they also can display some additional activities in mammalian organisms. In particular, these peptides can modulate the complement system as was described for tachyplesin, a peptide from the horseshoe crab. In this work, we investigated the influence on complement activation of the antimicrobial peptide arenicin-1 from the marine polychaete Arenicola marina. To study effects of arenicin on complement activation in human blood serum, we used hemolytic assays of two types, with antibody sensitized sheep erythrocytes and rabbit erythrocytes. Complement activation was also assessed, by the level of C3a production that was measured by ELISA. We found that the effect of arenicin depends on its concentration. At relatively low concentrations the peptide stimulates complement activation and lysis of target erythrocytes, whereas at higher concentrations arenicin acts as a complement inhibitor. A hypothetical mechanism of peptide action is proposed, suggesting its interaction with two complement proteins, C1q and C3. The results lead to the possibility of the development of new approaches for therapy of diseases connected with complement dysregulation, using peptide regulators derived from natural antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates