ASSESSMENT OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES AND SEVERITY OFINJURIES IN VICTIMS OF ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN ARCTIC AREA OF ARKHANGELSK REGION

Purpose: assessment of the circumstances and the severity of injuries in victims in the accident , registered in the Arctic zone of the Arkhangelsk region.Materials and methods: we analyzed the medical histories of 327 victims of road traffic accidents in 2012-2014 in Severodvinsk and adjoiningroads of Arkhangelsk region (12-km section of the federal road M-8 «Kholmogory» and a range of regional roads connecting the city with other municipalities).Results: the circumstances of the accidents and severity of victims’ injuries were estimated using a scale of ISS (Injury severity score), the prevalence of injuries of drivers and passengers on the regional roads and injuries of pedestrians — on the roads of Severodvinskwasrevealed.Summary: pedestrians had the most severe injuries on the regional roadsamong other victims, motorcyclists- in urban area. The prevalence of severe concomitant injuries was registered in males

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ФОТОХРОМНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ 5-ВИНИЛ-6'-НИТРО-1,3,3-ТРИМЕТИЛ-СПИРО(ИНДОЛИНО-2,2'-[2H]-ХРОМЕНОВ)

Few 5-vinyl substituted 6’-nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(indolino-2,2’-[2H]chromenes) (6’-nitro-spiropyrans) were synthesized by a one-step method from 5-formyl precursor – 5-formyl-6’-nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(indolino-2,2’- [2H]chromene) (1). 5-Vinyl-6’-nitro-spiropyran (2) was prepared by the Wittig olefination of 1 with an ylide, which was generated by the action of potassium tert-butylate on methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide in THF. E-6’- Nitro-5-(1’’-nitroethene-2’’-yl)-6’-nitro-spiropyran (3) was obtained by heating 1, nitromethane, ethylenediammonium diacetate at 50°С in absolute methanol and inert atmosphere. Compounds 1’’-[6’-nitro-spiropyran-5- yl]-2’’,2’’-dicyanoethylene (4) and E-1’’-[6’-nitro-spiropyran-5-yl]-2’’-cyano-2’’-methoxycarbonylethylene (5) were prepared from initial 1 by reflux in ammonium acetate / glacial acetic acid / benzene mixture with malonodinitrile or methyl 2-cyanoacetate, respectively. The procedure for synthesizing derivatives 2’’,2’’-dimethyl-5’’-(6’-nitrospiropyran-5-yl)methylidene-1’’,3’’-dioxane-4’’,6’’-dion (6) and 5’’,5’’-dimethyl-2’’-(6’-nitro-spiropyran-5-yl)- methylidenecyclohexane-1’’,3’’-dion (7) includes the interaction of Meldrum's acid or dimedone, accordingly, with 5-formyl precursor 1 by heating in ethanol in the presence of piperidine and molecular sieves (to bind the released water). The structures of the prepared compounds and their purity have been confirmed by physico-chemical analysis. A spectral kinetic study of the photochromic properties of the substituted 5-vinyl spiropyrans was carried out in toluene and ethanol solutions. The 5-vinyl-6’-nitro-spiropyran derivatives 2–7 described in this work are of interest for further synthetic transformations.Ряд замещенных 5-винил-6’-нитро-1,3,3-триметилспиро(индолино-2,2’-[2H]-хроменов) был получен одностадийными методами синтеза из 5-формильного предшественника. Структуры полученных соединений подтверждены методами физико-химического анализа. Проведены спектрально-кинетические исследования фотохромного поведения новых 5-винилзамещенных продуктов в растворах толуола и этанола

Synthetic and natural organic photochromic systems for optic application

Own results of the study and application of a number of organic synthetic photochromic systems in the optical devices are presented. These results are compared with the data obtained for natural photochromic bacteriorhodopsines. It was shown that synthetic photochromic systems are characterized by more wide functional possibilities as compared with the natural systems based on bacteriorhodopsine for application in the optical devices. Advances in application of synthetic and natural photochromic systems for light modulation and recording optical information as well as nonlinear transformation of laser irradiation are discussed

Road and transport traumatism in the Arctic zone of the Arkhangelsk region

We analyzed the medical histories of 327 victims of road traffic accidents in 2012-2014 in Severodvinsk and adjoining roads of Arkhangelsk region (12-km section of the federal road M-8 «Kholmogory» and a range of regional roads connecting the city with other municipalities), which are in the area of responsibility of the city ambulance station. The age and sex structure of victims, seasonal, weekly and daily characteristics of the accidents were estimated

SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE PHOTOCHROMIC BEHAVIOR OF SUBSTITUTED 6'-NITRO-1,3,3-TRIMETHYL-5-VINYLSPIRO(INDOLINO-2,2'-[2H]CHROMENES)

Few 5-vinyl substituted 6’-nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(indolino-2,2’-[2H]chromenes) (6’-nitro-spiropyrans) were synthesized by a one-step method from 5-formyl precursor – 5-formyl-6’-nitro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro(indolino-2,2’- [2H]chromene) (1). 5-Vinyl-6’-nitro-spiropyran (2) was prepared by the Wittig olefination of 1 with an ylide, which was generated by the action of potassium tert-butylate on methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide in THF. E-6’- Nitro-5-(1’’-nitroethene-2’’-yl)-6’-nitro-spiropyran (3) was obtained by heating 1, nitromethane, ethylenediammonium diacetate at 50°С in absolute methanol and inert atmosphere. Compounds 1’’-[6’-nitro-spiropyran-5- yl]-2’’,2’’-dicyanoethylene (4) and E-1’’-[6’-nitro-spiropyran-5-yl]-2’’-cyano-2’’-methoxycarbonylethylene (5) were prepared from initial 1 by reflux in ammonium acetate / glacial acetic acid / benzene mixture with malonodinitrile or methyl 2-cyanoacetate, respectively. The procedure for synthesizing derivatives 2’’,2’’-dimethyl-5’’-(6’-nitrospiropyran-5-yl)methylidene-1’’,3’’-dioxane-4’’,6’’-dion (6) and 5’’,5’’-dimethyl-2’’-(6’-nitro-spiropyran-5-yl)- methylidenecyclohexane-1’’,3’’-dion (7) includes the interaction of Meldrum's acid or dimedone, accordingly, with 5-formyl precursor 1 by heating in ethanol in the presence of piperidine and molecular sieves (to bind the released water). The structures of the prepared compounds and their purity have been confirmed by physico-chemical analysis. A spectral kinetic study of the photochromic properties of the substituted 5-vinyl spiropyrans was carried out in toluene and ethanol solutions. The 5-vinyl-6’-nitro-spiropyran derivatives 2–7 described in this work are of interest for further synthetic transformations