Universal screening for hypothyroidism in pregnancy: is it necessary?

Background: Thyroid diseases are one of the commonest endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age group, and hence constitute one important disorders complicating pregnancy. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of universal screening for hypothyroidism in pregnancy at the first antenatal visit and to formulate whether this routine screening is mandatory in our country.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the year 2018 at PSG IMSR Hospital for all pregnant women who attended the first antenatal visit between Jan 2012 to Dec 2012 after obtaining ethical clearance. Pregnant women who were already taking treatment for hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and those pregnant women who lost their follow up were excluded from the study.Results: The incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism among antenatal women were 7.06%. In our study the maternal complications like anemia 12 (8%), preeclampsia 26 (17.3%), gestational diabetes 25 (16.7%), fetal growth restriction 8 (5.3%), Oligohydramnios 13 (8.7%), pre mature rupture of membranes 25 (16.7%), placental abruption in 2 (1.33%), APLA syndrome 2 (1.33%), low birth weight 26 (17.3%) were observed.Conclusions: Universal screening for hypothyroidism is recommended for all antenatal women especially in iodine depleted country like India

Role of hysterolaparoscopy in unexplained infertility

Background: Infertility, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), is failure to achieve pregnancy during 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of unsuspected pathology at hysterolaparoscopy in presumed unexplained infertility, the incidence of intervention done for correcting pathology and its outcome and the importance of hysterolaparoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of infertile couples.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at IVF and Endoscopy centre, Department of obstetrics and gynecology at the Ruby Hall clinic, Pune from 1st November 2014 to 30th July 2016, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed clinical history and physical examination and bimanual pelvic examination were done, following which all the patients were subjected to baseline blood investigation, 3D pelvis (TVS) and semen analysis. Day care hysterolaparoscopy was performed and systematic analysis were done.Results: The mean duration of infertility was 2 to 4 years. In our study out of 75 women 62 (82.67%) showed normal hysteroscopic findings, remaining 13 women (17.67%) showed abnormal hysteroscopic findings like cornaul blockage, intrauterine adhesions and tuberculosis endometrium. Abnormal laparoscopic findings were reported in 29.33% of which the most common pathology was endomertiosis (21.33%).Conclusions: Diagnostic Hysterolaproscopy is a safe, effective, minimally invasive, cost effective, daycare comprehensive procedure in evaluation of unexplained infertility. Apart from routine diagnostic protocol missed pathologies can be detected and this tool can be used for diagnostic as well as therapeutic intervention

Meconium Stained Liquor and Its Fetal Outcome -Retrospective Study

Abstrac

Slow and Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers: Options for Improving Rice Productivity: A Review

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop not only in Asia but also in the entire world. Over the past several decades, conventional fertilizer application for rice has caused the loss of nutrients, which could lead to a series of environmental problems such as eutrophication and greenhouse effects. The emergence of slow and controlled-release fertilizers provides a new option for more efficient fertilization of rice. International Fertilizer Association (IFA) included controlled release fertilizers (CRFs), slow release fertilizers (SRFs), sulphur coated urea (SCU), stabilized nitrogen fertilizers (SNFs), WSFs, liquid NPKs, and chelated micronutrients and boron in their assessment study of the global market for special products. In India, the specialty fertilizers are categorized broadly as water soluble fertilizers, neem coated urea, fortified fertilizers, customized fertilizers (CFs), micronutrient fertilizers, and liquid fertilizers. Controlled-release fertilizers, such as sulphur and/or resin coated urea, can reduce N losses (e.g. nitrogen leaching, ammonia volatilization), while increasing N availability in plant and enhance rice grain yield upto 22.1% in rice. These, slow release controlled fertilizer increase crop yields by maintaining soil health over time.&nbsp

“Factors influencing the outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Madurai.- a cross-sectional study”

Introduction: COVID19* is a new disease with significant mortality risk. Because of the scarcity of the study on factors associated with the mortality in Tamil Nadu present study was done to determine the factors associated with the outcome of the COVID19 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital, Madurai. Methodology: 4530 lab confirmed COVID19 patients admitted from March to August 31st, 2020; excluding the non-responders or who gave incomplete information were included in the study. Data retrieved from Case Investigation Forms *filled through telephonic interview. Chi -square test, Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to find out the association between the factors and risk of death(outcome). Results: Out of 4530 COVID19 positive patients 381(8.4%) died and 4149(91.6%) were discharged. Using multivariate logistic regression* following were the factors predicted to be associated with mortality:Age group <17yrs(PR = 4.12),30–44yrs(PR = 2.28),45–59(PR = 3.12),60–69(PR = 4.26) and ≥ 70(PR = 7.05); male gender(PR = 1.26); breathlessness at the time of admission(PR = 7.05); with 1symptom (PR = 2.58), 2symptoms(PR = 3.16) and ≥ 3 symptoms(PR = 2.45); chronic kidney disease(PR = 3.07), malignancy(PR = 2.39); other chronic diseases(PR = 1.89); having only diabetes(PR = 1.58); diabetes with hypertension (PR = 1.70); diabetes with heart disease(PR = 1.94); Hypertension with heart disease(PR = 2.30); diabetes with hypertension and heart disease(PR = 1.58). Survival probability* was more than 90% when patient gets admitted within a week after symptom onset,<80% for between 7 and 10 days and declines thereafter. Conclusion: Early insights into factors associated with COVID-19 deaths have been generated in the context of a global health emergency *which may help the treating physician