Влияние лазерной коррекции на гидратную оболочку биоструктур клеток миокарда и печени при массивной кровопотере

Acute rat experiments have studied the impact of acute blood loss on the distribution of water fractions (total, free, and bound) in myocardial and hepatic tissues and whether detected impairments can be corrected by laser irradiation. They have provided an insight into the new pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for homeostatic disorders in blood loss and some aspects of the mechanism of action of laser emission on the body’s adaptive processes. The functioning of biopolymers and molecular structures in tissues is largely determined by their content of water. The redistribution of water towards to a blood loss-associated increase in bound water is a compensatory reaction aimed at preserving the biological structure of biopoly-mers. The decrease in hydrant-bound water suggests that there are severe derangements of their structure. The changes in the tissue free/bound water ratio reflect the degree of the body’s dysadaptation to blood loss. Laser irradiation has an adap-togenic effect on the structure of water in compensated hemorrhagic shock and a damaging action in decompensated one. В острых экспериментах на крысах изучено влияние острой кровопотери на распределение фракций воды (общей, свободной и связанной) в тканях миокарда и печени и возможность коррекции отмеченных нарушений лазерным излучением. Результаты экспериментов позволили раскрыть новые патогенетические механизмы нарушений гомеостаза при кровопотере и некоторые стороны механизма действия лазерного излучения на адаптивные процессы в организме. Показано, что функционирование биополимеров и молекулярных структур в тканях в значительной мере определяется содержанием в них воды. Перераспределение воды в сторону увеличения связанной при кровопотере является компенсаторной реакцией, направленной на сохранение биоструктуры биополимеров. Уменьшение гидратно связанной воды свидетельствует о глубоких нарушениях их структуры. Изменения в соотношении свободной и связанной воды в тканях отражает степень дезадаптации организма к кровопотере. Лазерное излучение оказывает адаптогенное действие на структуру воды при компенсированном геморрагическом шоке и повреждающее — при декомпенсированном

Overview of the first Wendelstein 7-X long pulse campaign with fully water-cooled plasma facing components

After a long device enhancement phase, scientific operation resumed in 2022. The main new device components are the water cooling of all plasma facing components and the new water-cooled high heat flux divertor units. Water cooling allowed for the first long-pulse operation campaign. A maximum discharge length of 8 min was achieved with a total heating energy of 1.3 GJ. Safe divertor operation was demonstrated in attached and detached mode. Stable detachment is readily achieved in some magnetic configurations but requires impurity seeding in configurations with small magnetic pitch angle within the edge islands. Progress was made in the characterization of transport mechanisms across edge magnetic islands: Measurement of the potential distribution and flow pattern reveals that the islands are associated with a strong poloidal drift, which leads to rapid convection of energy and particles from the last closed flux surface into the scrape-off layer. Using the upgraded plasma heating systems, advanced heating scenarios were developed, which provide improved energy confinement comparable to the scenario, in which the record triple product for stellarators was achieved in the previous operation campaign. However, a magnetic configuration-dependent critical heating power limit of the electron cyclotron resonance heating was observed. Exceeding the respective power limit leads to a degradation of the confinement