The craniofacial morphology of school children in Kosovska Mitrovica

There are many factors that influence the craniofacial morphology, such as genetics and environmental influence. The aim of our study is to define the craniofacial morphology of school children from Kosovska Mitrovica. The study included 330 school children at the age of 8 to 11 year on the territory of Kosovska MItrovica. For this study we use series of the standard anthropometric measurements: the face height, the face width, the height and cranial deep and the craniofacial index. All data were recorded by computer, analyzed statistically and with z score calculating craniofacial variability index (CVI). This index describe on numerical way, the range of normal distribution of craniofacial morphology and abnormal craniofacial appearance outside of the normal range of the index. According the results, index of the face of boys and girls are same, mezoprosp in every group. Result of the cranial index of boys and girls show frequently brahiocefal (52.2%), then mesocefal (43.5%) and dolihocefal (4.3%)

Morphological caracteristics of malocclusion class II

Class II malocclusion are complex anomalies of the skeletal and dental systems. The aim of this study is that the rengenkefalometrics analysis closer determine the morphological characteristics of this malocclusion. For this study were used 30 patients aged 18-30, previously clinically diagnosed class II, before the planned orthodontic treatment. The results analisis lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared with the 30 patients with class I malocclusion. Analyzed three linear and two angular cranial base dimensions and nine angular and four linear measures from the facial skeleton. The Results show: No statistically significant differensis in cranial base angle (SNBa) and anterior cranial base length (S-N) between class II and control Class I. Angle maxillar prognathism ( SNA) is no signifikant different between class I and Class II but SNB angle were signifikant smaller. The length of maxillary base (A'-SnP) is longer and the length of mandibule (Pg'-MT1/MT) is signifficantly smaller. The gonial angle (ArGo-Me) was smaller with open articular angle (GoArSN). Morphological characteristics of class II malocclusion are , retrognathic and smaller mandibular ligth, normognathic and longer maxilla, open articular angle with vertical tendency of the craniofacial growth pattern

Prognostic significance of Gleason score 7 (3+4) and Gleason score 7 (4+3) in prostatic adenocarcinoma in relation to clinical stage, androgen tissue status and degree of neuroendocrine differentiation

Prognosis and choice of treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (ADCP) directly depend on the numerous of predictive factors, among which the most important are summary histological tumor grade (Gleason score, which is the sum of the first and second dominant histological grade) and clinical stage. According to recent research these factors include androgen tissue status and degree of neuroendocrine differentiation. The importance of the first and second dominant histological grade becomes particularly important in ADCP Gleason score 7. Tumors with worse prognosis considered to be ADCP of higher Gleason score, the advanced clinical stage, androgen independent tumors and tumors that show a higher degree of neuroendocrine differentiation. The aim of the study was to determine the predictive significance of ADCP Gleason score 7 (3+4) and ADCP Gleason score 7 (4+3) in relation to clinical stage, androgen tissue status and degree of focal neuroendocrine differentiation. The study included 33 ADCP of Gleason score 7,26 (78.79%) ADCP 7 (3+4) and 7 (21.21%) ADCP 7 (4+3). All tumors are most often diagnosed with stage D2, when there are already distant metastases. ADCP of Gleason score 7 (4+3) were diagnosed more often at this stage, among them there are more androgen independent tumors and they show a greater degree of focal neuroendocrine differentiation. All the results are in accordance with data from the literature suggesting that ADCP of Gleason score 7 (4+3) have a worse prognosis than ADCP of Gleason score 7 (3 +4)

Significance of periacinar cleftings as supporting criteria in diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma Gleason score-a 7 (3+4) and Gleason score-a 7 (4+3) and their relationship with parameters of predictive value

Diagnosis of different pathohystological diseases of prostate in the most cases is based on common benignant and malignant characteristics. The presence of periacinar cleftings (PC) is an additional criterion favouring prostatic adenocarcinoma. According to the presence and extent of PC, analysed on high power field (400x), glands were classified into 3 groups: group 1-glands without PC or with PC affecting ≤50% of gland circumference; group 2-glands with PC affecting >50% gland circumference in 50% gland circumference in ≥50% examined glands. The aim of our study was to determine the importance of presence of PC in prostatic adenocarcinoma (ADCP) of Gleason score 7(3+4) and 7(4+3) and establish the existence of differences in their appearance at ADCP with first and second dominant histological grade 3 and 4 in each different relationship based on correlation analysis of PC and parameters of the predictive value (preoperative value of serum prostate specific antigen, tumor volume, clinical stage and degree of focal neuroendocrine differentiation). The study included 33 ADCP of Gleason score 7, 26 (78.79%) ADCP 7(3+4) and 7 (21.21%) ADCP 7(4+3). In ADCP Gleason 7(3+4) periacinar cleftings are more common in tumors that are smaller, better differentiated (produce more PSA), which is diagnosed in less advanced clinical stages and showing a less degree of focal neuroendocrine differentiation. In ADCP Gleason 7(4+3) periacinar cleftings are more common in tumors which produce less value of serum PSA (poorly differentiated) and in tumors that are diagnosed in advanced clinical stages. Periacinar cleftings are common findings in prostatic adenocarcinoma Gleason score 7(4+3) which are considerd as tumors with worse prognosis. Because of all we can rank PC among the important additional criteria for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate

Fibroadenoma of accessory breast tissue in axilla

Development of accessory breast tissue is a consequence the lack of regression remanths of milk line during embryogenesis. These remanths can be found anywhere on the ventral side of the body, extending from the axilla to the pubic region and most of them can be found in the axillary region. On such a tissue may appear almost identical changes that affect the normal breast, from benign non-tumor changes to malignant tumors. In our case report, the case is a 23 year-old woman who had a unilateral solitary lesions in the axilla, which was surgically removed. Starting diagnosis was ' Limphadnopathia axillaris lateris sinistri.' After removal and histopathological evaluation of the change, it was found that there is a tumor - fibroadenoma. There were also performed immunohistochemical ( IHH ) staining, with finding of a conventional fibroadenoma of the breast as expected. Accessory breast tissue in the axilla is a rare finding, and the tumors in this tissue even rarer. Histopathological confirmation is mandatory, with the need to exclude malignant tumors which are more common in these cases, and they occur at an earlier age

Simplified method for generating slope seismic deformation hazard curve

A simplified method for generating slope deformation hazard curve that takes into account the variations of input parameters is presented in this paper. The main assumption in the new approach is that the occurrence of peak slope deformation is Poisson[U+05F3]s process. The procedure is based on logic tree analysis, commercial software and routines programmed by the authors for generating sets of input files, and forming slope performance curve. The methodology was applied to a real landslide in order to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the proposed approach. The results of the analysis showed the influence of the certain input factors on sliding displacement as well as the advantages of employing continuum mechanics approach

Specificity and sensitivity of preoperative total serum prostate specific antigen in diagnosis most common histopathological change of prostate

Determination of preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value is primary procedure in diagnosis of different pathological prostate changes (prostate cancer-PC, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-PIN and benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH), followed by digital rectal examination and prostate biopsy as gold standard. Disadvantage of high sensitivity and low specificity of PSA testing in diagnosis of PC is a problem in clinical practice. Aim was to determine the diagnostic performance of PSA in diagnosis of PC, PIN and BPH. The study included 100 patients divided into three groups: 70 with PC, 20 with a PIN and 10 with BPH. Patients with PIN and BPH were control group. Preoperative PSA values were determined by Tandem-R, The patients were divided into subgroups by baseline PSA level as follows: 4-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40 and> 40. The definitive histopathological diagnosis was made on routine hematoxylineosin slides. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity-SE and specificity-SP of each PSA level were evaluated for PC. Preoperative serum PSA levels in patients with PC (median-35.82 ng/ml, min-6 ng/ml, max-960.40 ng/ml) were significantly higher than with PIN (median-9.15 ng/ml, min-3.16 ng/ml, max-27.61 ng/ml) and BPH (median-8.68 ng/ml, min-0.80 ng/ml, max-31.20 ng/ml). The best diagnostic characteristics of the PSA are on limit value 10 ng/ml (AUC=0.781, SE=92.9%; SP=63.3%; p<0,0001). PSA is of great help in diagnosis of advanced and initial form of PC. The chance of PC diagnosis was greater than that for other pathological changes when PSA level was higher than 10 ng/ml

The prevalence of peg-shaped and missing lateral incisors with maxillary impacted canines

Background/Aim. Many authors find that impacted maxillary canines is associated with missing and peg-shaped lateral incisor. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of peg-shaped and missing lateral incisor in subjects with impacted maxillary canines, and compare the size of maxillary lateral incisor on the side with palatally impacted canines and on the opposite side of the jaw where there is no impaction. Methods. The study included 64 patients with 80 impacted maxillary canines (23 males and 41 females, mean age 16.3). For each maxillary unerupted canine, precisely correct localization and classification into groups was done. We analyzed the morphology of the lateral incisor (normal, atypical) and frequency of missing of lateral maxillary incisors with canine impaction. Then, from the mentioned examinees sample with the maxillary canine teeth, a subgroup was formed. The criteria for selection were those with unilateral palatally impacted canines (33 subjects, 22 females and 11 males, mean age 17.8 years). The linear variables of the maxillary lateral incisor were measured by using digital measurements tools. The t-test was used to test the differences between the groups. Results. Normal morphology of the lateral incisors was found in 72% of the subjects with the impacted canines, 11.2% of the subjects had the peg-shaped lateral incisors, 6% had a bilateral and 4% had unilateral deficiency of lateral incisors. In the subgroup of the patients with unilateral palatal impaction, the middle value of the length of the lateral incisors was 1.9 mm shorter and the middle value of the width of the lateral incisors was smaller by 0.9 mm when comparing to the control group. Conclusion. The frequency of the deficiency of lateral incisors was statistically significantly higher in the group with palatal canine impaction. The maxillary lateral incisors on the side with palatally impacted canines were smaller than those on the side where there was no impaction

The descriptive and epidemiological characteristics of cervical cancer

Cervical cancer has long been a serious public health issue, both locally and worldwide. Efforts to control this disease should encompass prevention, as well as early detection and treatment, but also meticulous record-keeping and follow-up monitoring of affected women. In order to efficiently combat the disease, all of the above conditions must be met simultaneously. The goal of this article is to provide a layout of the fundamental descriptive and epidemiological characteristics of both cervical cancer patients and deaths resulting from the disease in Serbia, Europe and worldwide. We will pay special attention to a detailed epidemiological report on Central Serbia from 1999 to 2011. The article utilizes the approach of descriptive epidemiology to compound the knowledge about the disease, its incidence, and outcomes. The presented data was gathered from Globocan, a cancer surveillance database developed by the WHO, as well as the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia (for the aforementioned time period). There were 527624 new cases reported globally in 2012, corresponding to a standardized incidence ratio of 14,0 per 100000 women. Mortality-wise, there were 265653 deaths recorded in 2012, yielding a standardized mortality ratio of 6.8 per 100000 women. In other words, on average, every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer, totalling 720 cervical cancer mortalities per day. In Europe, there have been 58348 new cases in 2012 (11.44 per 100000 women), with 24378 deaths (3,75 per 100000 women). In Serbia, 1501 new cases were recorded in 2012 (23,8 per 100000 women), with 609 deaths (7,7 per 100000 women). These data make Serbia rank 62nd (out of 182 countries) in terms of incidence, and 84th in terms of mortality of cervical cancer, putting Serbia in the top half of the world on both criteria. According to the data supplied by the Cancer Registry of Central Serbia, the average standardized incidence ratio of 23.9/100000 women and the SMR of 7,2/100000 women in the evaluated time period point to an unfavorable epidemiological situation of this particular malignoma in Central Serbia. And while a deeper analysis of this interval reveals a slight drop in incidence of the disease in Central Serbia (y = 27,13-0,47x; p > 0,05, or roughly one new case fewer per 100000 women over the next two years), an increase in mortality is evident in the same period (y = 7.16+0,01x; p>0,05)

Helminth fauna of Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758 from the suburban area of Belgrade, Serbia

The helminth fauna of the house mouse (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) was studied on the basis of 429 host individuals from the suburban area of Belgrade. Eleven helminth species were recorded: three cestode species - Catenotaenia pusilla, Rodentolepis fraterna, and Cysticercus (= Strobilocercus) fasciolaris [larval stage of Taenia taeniaeformis (Batsch, 1821)]; and eight nematode species - Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Syphacia sp., Aspiculuris tetraptera, Syphacia obvelata, Heterakis spumosa, Trichuris muris, Mastophorus muris, and Gongylonema sp. Within the general helminth fauna, H. polygyrus was found to be the most prevalent species (39.2%) and caused the highest infection intensity. Prevalences of A. tetraptera, C. pusilla, and S. obvelata ranged from 12.8% to 6.1%, while the remaining species showed prevalences ranging from 4.9% (for Syphacia sp.) to 0.2% (for Gongylonema sp.). All the species found in males were also present in females, with the exceptions of M. muris and Gongylonema sp. No significant differences were found between males and females regarding prevalence (P%), mean infection intensity (MI), or mean abundance (MA)