Economic and environmental consequences of market power in the South-East Europe regional electricity market

Market power in electricity and emission-permit markets in the South-East Europe Regional Electricity Market, which comprises both EU members subject to the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and non-EU members exempt from it, affects social welfare and carbon leakage. We examine its impact under three market settings: perfect competition (PC) and two leader-follower versions, in which a leader can exert market power in either the electricity market (S-T) or both the electricity and permit markets (S). Under PC, carbon leakage is equal to 11%-39% of ETS emission reduction depending on the cap stringency. Generally, in S-T, the leader's capacity withholding results in ETS emissions below and non-ETS emissions above PC levels. However, carbon leakage is lower vis-à-vis PC as the ETS emission reduction offsets the non-ETS emission increase. Finally, in S, the leader's propensity to lower the permit price increases ETS emissions and exacerbates carbon leakage compared to S-T

Knowledge Management and Sustainable Development of the HEP Group

Na temelju odrednica suvremenog gospodarskog razvoja (globalizacija, deregulacija, eksponencijalni rast tehnoloških promjena), u radu se prikazuje pozicija HEP-a s obzirom na lokalne zahtjeve i zahtjeve pridruživanja Europskoj uniji a posebno s obzirom na direktive o uspostavljanju zajedničkih pravila europskog tržišta električne energije i plina. Objašnjava se povezanost vizije i misije tvrtke sa strategijom razvoja uz pomoć upravljanja znanjem. Daju se iskustva europskih energetskih kompanija u upravljanju znanjem i komentira nužnost izgradnje jedinstvenog europskog sustava informacija o energetskim istraživanjima i tehnološkom razvoju. Također se daju osnovne odrednice HEP-ove strategije upravljanja znanjem, koje će omogućiti njegovu daljnju preobrazbu u snažnu tržišno orjentiranu kompaniju koja promovira unaprjeđenja i novacije za postizanje maksimalne kvalitete na profitabilnim kriterijima.On the basis of the main aspects of modern economic development (globalisation, deregulation, exponential increase in technological changes), the article presents the position of HEP considering the local requirements for joining the EU with regard to the directives on setting up common rules for the European electricity and gas market. The connection between the vision and the mission of the company and the strategy of development with the help of knowledge management is explained. Experience of European electric companies in knolwedge management are presented and the necessity to build a single European system of information about energy research and technological development is commented on. The article also presents the basic aspects of HEP\u27s knowledge management strategy that is to enable its further transformation into a strong market-oriented company, promoting improvement and innovation in achieving the maximum quality on a profitable basis

Septic sacroiliitis with iliacus muscle abscess – a case report

Prikazali smo slučaj 26 godina starog, prethodno zdravog muškarca s radiološki verificiranim septičkim sakroileitisom i apscesom lijevog ilijačnog mišića u tijeku stafilokokne sepse. Bolest se prezentirala naglim nastupom visokog febriliteta praćenog zimicama i tresavicama te bolovima u donjem dijelu leđa i lijevom kuku. Standardnom laboratorijskom obradom kod prijama nađena je lagano ubrzana SE 26 mm/1 h (uz porast na 60 mm/1 h trećeg dana), povišene vrijednosti CRP 123 mg/L, blaža leukocitoza 11,1 s neutrofilijom 78 % u DKS, blaža hipoproteinemija 61 g/L i hipoalbuminemija 33 g/L uz povišene vrijednosti frakcije alfa 1 (6,8 %) i alfa 2 (11,2 %) globulina u elektroforezi bjelančevina i fibrinogena 7,74 g/L te uredne ostale rutinske laboratorijske nalaze. Izolacija Staphylococcus aureusa iz hemokulture omogućila je ranu etiološku terapiju, a scintigrafijom skeleta i potom ciljanom radiografskom snimkom i kompjuteriziranom tomografijom (u daljnjem tekstu CT) sakroilijačnog zgloba locirano je mjesto upalnog procesa. Primijenjena antimikrobna terapija (vankomicin i ciprofloksacin parenteralno 2 tjedna, cefazolin parenteralno 4 tjedna, cefaleksin peroralno 3 tjedna) rezultirala je potpunim kliničkim oporavkom uz gotovo potpunu regresiju promjena na kontrolnim radiološkim snimkama. Septički sakroileitis izrazito je rijetka komplikacija u tijeku stafilokokne bakterijemije te smo iz toga razloga željeli prikazati bolesnika koji je uspješno liječen konzervativnom terapijom.We present a case of a 26-year-old previously healthy young male with radiologically confirmed septic sacroiliitis and left iliacus muscle abscess during staphylococcal sepsis. The disease onset was sudden with high fever, chills and shivering accompanied by pain in the lower back and left hip. Standard laboratory analysis on admission revealed moderately increased sedimentation rate 26 mm/1h (increasing up to 60 mm/1 h on the third day), elevated CRP 123 mg/L, mild leukocytosis 11.1 with neutrophilia 78 % in differential blood count, mild hypoproteinemia 61 g/L and hypoalbuminemia 33 g/L with elevated alpha-1 (6.8 %) and alpha-2 (11.2 %) globulins in protein electrophoresis and fibrinogen 7.74 g/L. Other routine laboratory tests were normal. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from blood culture has enabled early etiological therapy. Skeletal scintigraphy and targeted radiographic imaging as well as computed tomography of the sacroiliac joint revealed the location of the inflammatory process. Administered antimicrobial therapy (vancomycin and ciprofloxacin parenterally for 2 weeks, cefazolin parenterally for 4 weeks, cephalexin perorally for 3 weeks) resulted in full clinical recovery with almost complete regression of the changes observed on radiological images taken during follow-up visit. Septic sacroiliitis is an extremely rare complication during staphylococcal bacteremia and for this reason we decided to report a case that was successfully treated with conservative therapy

AN EXAMPLE OF APPLYING ALGORITHM TO CREATE THE ACTUAL PQ DIAGRAM OF A HYDROGENERATOR

U radu je prikazana provedba metodologije određivanja korisničke pogonske karte na primjeru hidroagregata br. 3 u HE Vinodol. Kao predložak u pripremi podloga i sustavnom određivanju granica dopuštenog rada agregata poslužio je blok dijagram sa slike 15 u [1], koji na pregledan način ocrtava tijek provedbe pojedinih radnji potrebnih za tvorbu korisničke pogonske karte. Svi međukoraci su dokumentirani, a dobiveni rezultati prikazani tablično i grafički. Svaka od konačno određenih granica je ucrtana u korisničku pogonsku kartu promatranog agregata. S obzirom na složenost provedbe proračuna graničnih uvjeta koje nameću elektromagnetska i toplinska zbivanja u čeonom prostoru, u radu je na konkretnom primjeru iz prakse prikazana potpuno nova metodologija utvrđivanja graničnih vrijednosti uzdužne komponente magnetske indukcije, temeljeno na rezultatima mjerenja indukcije i pripadne nadtemperature u trajnom kapacitivnom radu generatora. Predložena metoda je primjenjiva za bilo koji sinkroni generator.The work describes the application of the methodology of defining the actual PQ diagram on the example of Hydrogenerator-turbine unit No. 3 at Vinodol Hydroelectric Power Plant. Used as a basis for preparing documents and determining the unit’s operating tolerances was a block diagram in Figure 15, contained in [1], which provides a clear survey of the sequence of steps required to create an actual PQ diagram. All intermediate steps are documented and the obtained results are shown in tables and graphics. Each of finally defined limits is imported into the actual PQ diagram of the observed unit. Considering the complexity of calculating the limit conditions imposed by electromagnetic and thermal occurrences in the end region, in a concrete example from practice the present work describes an entirely new methodology of determining the limit values of the longitudinal magnetic induction component, based on the results of measuring induction and pertaining over-temperature in the generator’s permanent capacitive operation. The proposed method is applicable to any synchronous generator

AN EXAMPLE OF APPLYING ALGORITHM TO CREATE THE ACTUAL PQ DIAGRAM OF A HYDROGENERATOR

U radu je prikazana provedba metodologije određivanja korisničke pogonske karte na primjeru hidroagregata br. 3 u HE Vinodol. Kao predložak u pripremi podloga i sustavnom određivanju granica dopuštenog rada agregata poslužio je blok dijagram sa slike 15 u [1], koji na pregledan način ocrtava tijek provedbe pojedinih radnji potrebnih za tvorbu korisničke pogonske karte. Svi međukoraci su dokumentirani, a dobiveni rezultati prikazani tablično i grafički. Svaka od konačno određenih granica je ucrtana u korisničku pogonsku kartu promatranog agregata. S obzirom na složenost provedbe proračuna graničnih uvjeta koje nameću elektromagnetska i toplinska zbivanja u čeonom prostoru, u radu je na konkretnom primjeru iz prakse prikazana potpuno nova metodologija utvrđivanja graničnih vrijednosti uzdužne komponente magnetske indukcije, temeljeno na rezultatima mjerenja indukcije i pripadne nadtemperature u trajnom kapacitivnom radu generatora. Predložena metoda je primjenjiva za bilo koji sinkroni generator.The work describes the application of the methodology of defining the actual PQ diagram on the example of Hydrogenerator-turbine unit No. 3 at Vinodol Hydroelectric Power Plant. Used as a basis for preparing documents and determining the unit’s operating tolerances was a block diagram in Figure 15, contained in [1], which provides a clear survey of the sequence of steps required to create an actual PQ diagram. All intermediate steps are documented and the obtained results are shown in tables and graphics. Each of finally defined limits is imported into the actual PQ diagram of the observed unit. Considering the complexity of calculating the limit conditions imposed by electromagnetic and thermal occurrences in the end region, in a concrete example from practice the present work describes an entirely new methodology of determining the limit values of the longitudinal magnetic induction component, based on the results of measuring induction and pertaining over-temperature in the generator’s permanent capacitive operation. The proposed method is applicable to any synchronous generator

Septic sacroiliitis with iliacus muscle abscess – a case report

Prikazali smo slučaj 26 godina starog, prethodno zdravog muškarca s radiološki verificiranim septičkim sakroileitisom i apscesom lijevog ilijačnog mišića u tijeku stafilokokne sepse. Bolest se prezentirala naglim nastupom visokog febriliteta praćenog zimicama i tresavicama te bolovima u donjem dijelu leđa i lijevom kuku. Standardnom laboratorijskom obradom kod prijama nađena je lagano ubrzana SE 26 mm/1 h (uz porast na 60 mm/1 h trećeg dana), povišene vrijednosti CRP 123 mg/L, blaža leukocitoza 11,1 s neutrofilijom 78 % u DKS, blaža hipoproteinemija 61 g/L i hipoalbuminemija 33 g/L uz povišene vrijednosti frakcije alfa 1 (6,8 %) i alfa 2 (11,2 %) globulina u elektroforezi bjelančevina i fibrinogena 7,74 g/L te uredne ostale rutinske laboratorijske nalaze. Izolacija Staphylococcus aureusa iz hemokulture omogućila je ranu etiološku terapiju, a scintigrafijom skeleta i potom ciljanom radiografskom snimkom i kompjuteriziranom tomografijom (u daljnjem tekstu CT) sakroilijačnog zgloba locirano je mjesto upalnog procesa. Primijenjena antimikrobna terapija (vankomicin i ciprofloksacin parenteralno 2 tjedna, cefazolin parenteralno 4 tjedna, cefaleksin peroralno 3 tjedna) rezultirala je potpunim kliničkim oporavkom uz gotovo potpunu regresiju promjena na kontrolnim radiološkim snimkama. Septički sakroileitis izrazito je rijetka komplikacija u tijeku stafilokokne bakterijemije te smo iz toga razloga željeli prikazati bolesnika koji je uspješno liječen konzervativnom terapijom.We present a case of a 26-year-old previously healthy young male with radiologically confirmed septic sacroiliitis and left iliacus muscle abscess during staphylococcal sepsis. The disease onset was sudden with high fever, chills and shivering accompanied by pain in the lower back and left hip. Standard laboratory analysis on admission revealed moderately increased sedimentation rate 26 mm/1h (increasing up to 60 mm/1 h on the third day), elevated CRP 123 mg/L, mild leukocytosis 11.1 with neutrophilia 78 % in differential blood count, mild hypoproteinemia 61 g/L and hypoalbuminemia 33 g/L with elevated alpha-1 (6.8 %) and alpha-2 (11.2 %) globulins in protein electrophoresis and fibrinogen 7.74 g/L. Other routine laboratory tests were normal. The isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from blood culture has enabled early etiological therapy. Skeletal scintigraphy and targeted radiographic imaging as well as computed tomography of the sacroiliac joint revealed the location of the inflammatory process. Administered antimicrobial therapy (vancomycin and ciprofloxacin parenterally for 2 weeks, cefazolin parenterally for 4 weeks, cephalexin perorally for 3 weeks) resulted in full clinical recovery with almost complete regression of the changes observed on radiological images taken during follow-up visit. Septic sacroiliitis is an extremely rare complication during staphylococcal bacteremia and for this reason we decided to report a case that was successfully treated with conservative therapy

Regional carbon policies in an interconnected power system: How expanded coverage could exacerbate emission leakage

Interconnected regional electricity markets are often subject to asymmetric carbon policies with partial coverage for CO2 emissions. While the resulting problem of carbon leakage has been well studied, its mitigation has received relatively less attention. We devise a proactive carbon policy via a bi-level modelling approach by considering the impact of an emission cap that limits the cost of damage from a regional power market. In particular, a welfare-maximising policymaker sets the cap when facing profit-maximising producers and the damage costs from their emissions at two nodes. A partial-coverage policy could degrade maximised social welfare and increase total regional CO2 emissions with potential for carbon leakage due to a higher nodal price difference. A modified carbon policy that considers CO2 emissions from both nodes tightens the cap, which increases maximised social welfare and decreases total CO2 emissions vis-`a-vis the partial-coverage policy, albeit at the cost of greater scope for carbon leakage as it causes nodal prices to diverge. As a compromise, an import-coverage policy, implemented by California, that counts only domestic and imported CO2 emissions could alleviate carbon leakage at the cost of lower maximised social welfare with higher total emissions vis-`a-vis the modified-coverage policy

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE ACTUAL PQ DIAGRAM OF A HYDROGWENERATORS

U radu je predočena metodologija određivanja pogonske karte kao ključnog dokumenta svake proizvodne jedinice električne energije. Opisane su sve granice od kojih se sastoji pogonska karta hidrogeneratora. Detaljno su izložene teorijske podloge na kojima leže postupci za njihovo određivanje. Poseban osvrt je dan manj eistraženom problemu zagrijavanja čeonog prostora hidrogeneratora. Pregledno je prikazan i obrazložen slijed postupaka koji sačinjavaju metodologiju. Detaljne analize i proračuni, posebno korištenjem suvremenih numeričkih programskih alata, daju dobar uvid u mogućnost rada generatora i mogu poslužiti kao priprema za ispitivanja i mjerenja. Rezultati dobiveni mjerenjima i ispitivanjima obrađuju se i tumače, te se tek na osnovu tako dobivenih rezulatata sa sigurnošću određuju granice dozvoljenog rada generatora. Konačan rezulatat provođenja ispitivanja prema predloženoj metodologiji je korisnička pogonska karta: stvarna, mjerenjem potvrđena pogonska karta hidrogeneratora.This paper presents the methodology for determining the actual PQ diagram as a key document for any power generation unit. It describes all the limits of which a hydogenerator PQ diagram consists. There is detailed explanation of the theoretical basis of the procedures for their determination. It also contains a reference to the less researched problem of heating in the hydogenerator end region. The paper clearly shows and explains the sequence of the procedures which make up the methodology. Deatiled analysis and calculations, particularly using modern numerical programming tools, provide a good insight in generator performance and may serve as a preparation for testing and measuring. The measurement and testing data is processed and interpreted, and it is only on the basis of the result thus established that the limits for the permitted operation of the generator are positively determined. The final result of the testing conducted in accordance with the methodology proposed is actual PQ diagram: the real PQ diagram of the hydrogenerator, confirmed by the maesurement

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE ACTUAL PQ DIAGRAM OF A HYDROGWENERATORS

U radu je predočena metodologija određivanja pogonske karte kao ključnog dokumenta svake proizvodne jedinice električne energije. Opisane su sve granice od kojih se sastoji pogonska karta hidrogeneratora. Detaljno su izložene teorijske podloge na kojima leže postupci za njihovo određivanje. Poseban osvrt je dan manj eistraženom problemu zagrijavanja čeonog prostora hidrogeneratora. Pregledno je prikazan i obrazložen slijed postupaka koji sačinjavaju metodologiju. Detaljne analize i proračuni, posebno korištenjem suvremenih numeričkih programskih alata, daju dobar uvid u mogućnost rada generatora i mogu poslužiti kao priprema za ispitivanja i mjerenja. Rezultati dobiveni mjerenjima i ispitivanjima obrađuju se i tumače, te se tek na osnovu tako dobivenih rezulatata sa sigurnošću određuju granice dozvoljenog rada generatora. Konačan rezulatat provođenja ispitivanja prema predloženoj metodologiji je korisnička pogonska karta: stvarna, mjerenjem potvrđena pogonska karta hidrogeneratora.This paper presents the methodology for determining the actual PQ diagram as a key document for any power generation unit. It describes all the limits of which a hydogenerator PQ diagram consists. There is detailed explanation of the theoretical basis of the procedures for their determination. It also contains a reference to the less researched problem of heating in the hydogenerator end region. The paper clearly shows and explains the sequence of the procedures which make up the methodology. Deatiled analysis and calculations, particularly using modern numerical programming tools, provide a good insight in generator performance and may serve as a preparation for testing and measuring. The measurement and testing data is processed and interpreted, and it is only on the basis of the result thus established that the limits for the permitted operation of the generator are positively determined. The final result of the testing conducted in accordance with the methodology proposed is actual PQ diagram: the real PQ diagram of the hydrogenerator, confirmed by the maesurement