321 research outputs found
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ fair play ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈΒ»
This article considers the financial monitoring of football clubs under UEFA Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations. The aim of the paper is to study the current system for assessing the financial stability of football clubs and propose measures for its practical application. The work is relevant due to a wide range of financial challenges in modern football and supported by a detailed analysis of a recent case of Manchester City football club accused of breaching FFP. Studying the main allegations against the club, the author analyzed the basic concepts of FFP, breaches of other clubs and sanctions imposed on them, with emphasis on the experience of Russian clubs. The analysis illustrated the role of UEFA and football clubs with regards to FFP implementation, considering a specific case. The author estimated the potential Losses of Manchester City due to the Champions League ban, and, in addition, the total losses due to the English Premier League suspension amid coronavirus threat. Using FFP criteria, the author analyzed the financial stability of Manchester City and Russian football club CSKA Moscow and identified similar problems for the clubs. The author outlined recommendations for UEFA rules compliance and presented a system of indicators that help to regularly monitor and manage the longterm financial stability of football clubs. The findings of the paper may find application in the field of other team sports.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ fairpaly (Π€Π€Π) Π£ΠΠ€Π. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ - ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ΅ΠΉΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π° Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈΒ», Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π€Π€Π Π£ΠΠ€Π. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Ρ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π€Π€Π, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π£ΠΠ€Π ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π€Π€Π, Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ± Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈΒ», Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΠΈΠ³Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ - ΡΠ±ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΠ½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π‘ΠΈΡΠΈΒ» ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ€Π Β«Π¦Π‘ΠΠ ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Π°Β», ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ². Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π£ΠΠ€Π ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ². Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π£ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π€Π£Π’ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ Π Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ COVID-19
This research is aimedΒ to analyze the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on professional football clubs, identify the problems they face and propose strategic anti-crisis measures. The work is based on the analysis of the mapping study on measuring the economic impact of COVID-19 on the sport sector in the EU, provided by European Commission; analytical reports from Deloitte and KPMG containing empirical data on European football, academic research by foreign scientists examining the impact of the pandemic on the football industry. The study resulted in the author's strategic measures to improve the efficiency of football clubs in the face of restrictions caused by the spread of coronavirus, and a system of performance indicators (KPI), concerning the business developments during a pandemic. These results can be used in the strategic management of football clubs, as well as in the development strategies of federations, leagues and individual clubs, and can lead to an increase in the overall efficiency of their activities and the achievement of economic and social results. For the first time, the work carried out a comprehensive study of the consequences of the pandemic for the development of the football industry and offered the authorβs view of solving current problems and finding new ways to develop the football business.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° COVID-19, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Deloitte ΠΈ KPMG, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (KPI), ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π»ΠΈΠ³ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ
Currently, the efficiency of transport systems, both at national level and while developing regional and interregional trade and cooperation links, is considered to be among most important factors for successful and sustainable economic development.The enhancement of transport systems in many cases implies implementation of large infrastructure projects, supposing major investment and generating a series of economic and social effects. And if a few studies have already been devoted to the economic impact, the social sphere has not yet received due attention.The paper refers to an attempt to fill this gap. The scope of the study regards passenger rail transport that has being dynamically developed in many countries and that is paid much attention in strategic documents on development of transport industry in the Russian Federation.The objective of the study is to identify the positive and negative effects generated by projects for development of railways, and to propose approaches to their quantitative measurement.The methods engaged in the study comprise the analysis of academic sources and methodological materials already developed abroad and in Russia, as well as relevant regulatory documents, including the methodology for assessing the socio-economic effects of transport infrastructure construction projects. This made it possible to systematise the existing social effects of railway transport into groups.The shown examples of monetary assessment of these effects are based on the best foreign practices. The results could be useful to the investors and the public administration for making decisions on funding, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of transport projects, which could ultimately allow to save budget funds, increase the return on investment and solve several social problems.ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π΅ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ.Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ². Π Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π», Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ, Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ², ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌ.Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ
Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
This paper aims to analyze the foreign experience of using social impact bonds (SIB) and formulate proposals for the application of this tool in financing projects aimed at developing mass sports and increasing physical activity on a national scale. The scientific novelty of the article is confirmed by the limited application of such a mechanism in Russia and its insufficient study. This research aims to fill this academic and applied gap. The author uses the methods of deconstruction and aspect analysis. The article analyzes in detail the foreign experience of using social impact bonds, reveals the advantages and disadvantages of this model. In the absence of SIB sports projects, the model of social impact bonds is considered through the example of a New York City-based program aimed at reducing the recidivism rate among young people. This example allowed the author to describe the interaction scheme for all participants and stakeholders and to illustrate related advantages and disadvantages. In the future, this model can be introduced into Russian practice and used as a model for launching a similar project in the field of grassroots sports. The analysis of successful projects implemented abroad allowed the author to substantiate the possibility of using social impact bonds in financing programs aimed at increasing population levels of physical activity. A system of target indicators is proposed, including such a metric as social return on investment (SROI). The author describes in detail the methodology for calculating SROI and provides examples of calculating this indicator for mass sports projects. The author concludes that the advantages of SIB prevail over the disadvantages and about the high potential of this tool. Further research in this area can be aimed at clarifying the methodology for calculating the SROI for sport interventions promoting physical activity at the population level and evaluating specific projects in the field.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ (social impact bonds β SIB) ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. Π£ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π» ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² SIB Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΡΡ-ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΠΊΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π° ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ β SROI. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° SROI ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² SIB Π½Π°Π΄ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° SROI Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅
Orientation, substructure, and optical properties of rutile films
The orientation, optical properties, and substructure of rutile films prepared by thermal and pulsed photon assisted oxidation of single crystal Ti films were investigated by transmission electron micros copy, optical spectroscopy, and high energy electron diffractionyesBelgorod State Universit
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF FOOTBALL CLUB DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
This research is aimedΒ to analyze the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on professional football clubs, identify the problems they face and propose strategic anti-crisis measures. The work is based on the analysis of the mapping study on measuring the economic impact of COVID-19 on the sport sector in the EU, provided by European Commission; analytical reports from Deloitte and KPMG containing empirical data on European football, academic research by foreign scientists examining the impact of the pandemic on the football industry. The study resulted in the author's strategic measures to improve the efficiency of football clubs in the face of restrictions caused by the spread of coronavirus, and a system of performance indicators (KPI), concerning the business developments during a pandemic. These results can be used in the strategic management of football clubs, as well as in the development strategies of federations, leagues and individual clubs, and can lead to an increase in the overall efficiency of their activities and the achievement of economic and social results. For the first time, the work carried out a comprehensive study of the consequences of the pandemic for the development of the football industry and offered the authorβs view of solving current problems and finding new ways to develop the football business
APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE DIGITAL PRODUCTS IN SPORTS INDUSTRY
This article considers innovative solutions used in sports industry. Taking into account the importance for the consumer in the context of pandemic restrictions, as well as the presence of a large number of modern technological cases, the author focuses on fitness sector. The innovative solutions discussed in the study can be classified as follows: mobile apps; sensors; virtual reality. The analysis allowed the author to highlight the pros and cons of digitalization, determine the development trends of fitness industry, the specifics of its financial model and competitiveness. Despite the importance of automation, the author emphasizes the high role of βlivingβ labor, the importance of which can be studied in further developments
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬Π‘Π’ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ£Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ Π’Π: ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ―, ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ Π Π€ΠΠ ΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ
Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze the following areas of entrepreneurial activity in sports industry: sports and health services, including fitness clubs, sports clubs, schools and academies; managing the competitions (leagues); corporate sports; media resources; bookmakers, e-sports. As part of the work, positive examples of entrepreneurship in sports industry were noted, as well as the role, interests and tasks of the state. The directions of innovative development within each of the identified blocks are considered separately. The authors also systematized support measures for development entrepreneurship (small and medium enterprises β SME) and identified its features for the sports industry. Following directions for further research are proposed: analysis of individual markets for entrepreneurship in the sports industry; development and testing of methods for assessing the effectiveness of support measures for SME in sports industry; development of professional training of entrepreneurs for the sports industry.Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°: ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Ρ-ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π»ΠΈΠ³); ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ; ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡ; Π±ΡΠΊΠΌΠ΅ΠΊΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ². Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°; ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π² ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°; ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SPORTS INDUSTRY: DIRECTIONS, INNOVATIONS AND SUPPORT
Within the framework of this article, the authors analyze the following areas of entrepreneurial activity in sports industry: sports and health services, including fitness clubs, sports clubs, schools and academies; managing the competitions (leagues); corporate sports; media resources; bookmakers, e-sports. As part of the work, positive examples of entrepreneurship in sports industry were noted, as well as the role, interests and tasks of the state. The directions of innovative development within each of the identified blocks are considered separately. The authors also systematized support measures for development entrepreneurship (small and medium enterprises β SME) and identified its features for the sports industry. Following directions for further research are proposed: analysis of individual markets for entrepreneurship in the sports industry; development and testing of methods for assessing the effectiveness of support measures for SME in sports industry; development of professional training of entrepreneurs for the sports industry
Experiments on the twisted vortex state in superfluid 3He-B
We have performed measurements and numerical simulations on a bundle of
vortex lines which is expanding along a rotating column of initially
vortex-free 3He-B. Expanding vortices form a propagating front: Within the
front the superfluid is involved in rotation and behind the front the twisted
vortex state forms, which eventually relaxes to the equilibrium vortex state.
We have measured the magnitude of the twist and its relaxation rate as function
of temperature above 0.3Tc. We also demonstrate that the integrity of the
propagating vortex front results from axial superfluid flow, induced by the
twist.Comment: prepared for proceedings of the QFS2007 symposium in Kaza
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