Dog bite injuries of the eye and ocular adnexa

Dog bites result in a diverse range of injuries and complications in the periocular region, particularly in school aged children. It is therefore incumbent on the oculoplastic surgeon to be well versed in both acute and long-term management. The intent of this review is to provide a systematic evaluation of the epidemiology, principles of dog bite wound care, and specific considerations related to common patterns of ophthalmic injury. Review of clinical literature from 1976 to 2014. The majority of periocular injuries result from seemingly benign interactions between young children and familiar dogs. Aggressive saline lavage combined with selective debridement of devitalized tissue is essential. High-risk wounds and vulnerable patient groups may benefit from preventive antibiotic coverage as well as appropriate rabies and tetanus prophylaxis. While the nuances of surgical repair are variable given the heterogeneity of presentation, systematic examination and an algorithm-driven approach underlie the optimal management of these complex injuries

Effect of cardiometabolic risk factors on the relationship between adiposity and bone mass in girls

Background/objective Childhood obesity has been separately associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRs) and increased risk of fracture. However, both augmented and compromised bone mass have been reported among overweight/obese children. Metabolic dysfunction, often co-existing with obesity, may explain the discrepancy in previous studies. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between adiposity and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived bone mass differed in young girls with and without CMR(s). Subjects/methods Whole-body bone and body composition measures by DXA and measures of CMR (fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference (WC)) were obtained from 307, 9-to 12-year-old girls. Girls with 1 or >= 2 CMR(s) were considered to be at risk (vs. no CMR). Multiple linear regression was used to test the relationship of total fat mass with total body bone mineral content (BMC) after controlling for height, lean mass, CMR risk, and other potential confounders. Results There was a significant interaction between CMR risk and total body fat mass. When girls were stratified by CMR group, all groups had a significant positive relationship between fat mass and BMC (p = 2 CMRs had a lower BMC for a given level of body fat. Total body fat was not significantly related to bone mineral density (p > 0.05). Conclusion Fat mass has a positive relationship with BMC even after controlling for lean mass. However, the positive relationship of fat mass with BMC may be attenuated if multiple CMRs are present.US National Institute of Health [R01 HD-074565]6 month embargo; published online: 11 June 2018This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]