Age-Related Changes in Hippocampal Arc Expression Following Minimal Behavioural Induction

Normal ageing is associated with significant changes in cognitive function, including the decline of some forms of memory. The hippocampal formation is critical to learning and memory function, and plasticity in this region declines with age. Additionally, age-related differences in plasticity are greatest at lower levels of stimulation, thus peri-threshold plasticity may be of the greatest relevance for age-related changes in cognition. Moreover, the hippocampus is prone to changes in the expression of gene products that mediate plasticity with age. The current thesis attempts to link these observations by measuring hippocampal expression of Arc, an immediate-early gene that is critical for both plasticity and memory function, using a behavioural analogue of minimal stimulation. In this paradigm, adult (11 months) and aged (23 months) F344 rats traversed a varying number of laps (i.e., 1, 3, or 5) in a triangular track. To test cholinergic influences on these dynamics, animals were also injected with physostigmine, a cholinergic agonist, which has been shown to modulate hippocampal physiology. Consistent with previous studies, a greater number of laps induced Arc in more cells across the hippocampus. In addition, age altered the Arc expression that followed different stimulation levels, but not in the way hypothesized. Aged animals, in fact, expressed more Arc following fewer laps. Additionally, we did not show any evidence of one-trial learning as has previously been demonstrated. Finally, physostigmine administration significantly increased cellular recruitment selectively in the dorsal regions of the hippocampus. These data suggest that age-related changes in neural activation are present, but complex. Additionally, these data show that physostigmine appears to augment IEG dynamics

Expression of Pigment Cell-Specific Genes in the Ontogenesis of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

One of the polyketide compounds, the naphthoquinone pigment echinochrome, is synthesized in sea urchin pigment cells. We analyzed polyketide synthase (pks) and sulfotransferase (sult) gene expression in embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius from various stages of development and in specific tissues of the adults. We observed the highest level of expression of the pks and sult genes at the gastrula stage. In unfertilized eggs, only trace amounts of the pks and sult transcripts were detected, whereas no transcripts of these genes were observed in spermatozoids. The addition of shikimic acid, a precursor of naphthoquinone pigments, to zygotes and embryos increased the expression of the pks and sult genes. Our findings, including the development of specific conditions to promote pigment cell differentiation of embryonic sea urchin cells in culture, represent a definitive study on the molecular signaling pathways that are involved in the biosynthesis of pigments during sea urchin development

Funding sources used in construction logistics centres

In recent days the questions related to the use of public-private partnership (PPP) in the logistics activities are of a great importance. This article reveals the most common sources of funding that can be used in the construction of logistics centers, analyzes the types of support to the private sector in the implementation of PPP projects

Качество как конкурентное преимущество на рынке полиграфических услуг

Розглядаються підходи до визначення якості, як конкурентної переваги для підприємств на ринку поліграфічних послуг. Об’єктом дослідження обов’язкових етапів контролю якості є ТОВ «Новий друк».There are considered determinations of the term «quality», as a competitive advantage for the printing and publishing industry. The object of the research of the main necessary stages of quality control is OC «Novuj druk».Рассматриваются подходы к определению качества как конкурентного преимущества для предприятий на рынке полиграфических услуг. Объектом исследования обязательных этапов контроля качества является ООО «Новий друк»

Funding sources used in construction logistics centres

In recent days the questions related to the use of public-private partnership (PPP) in the logistics activities are of a great importance. This article reveals the most common sources of funding that can be used in the construction of logistics centers, analyzes the types of support to the private sector in the implementation of PPP projects

The influence of laser micro- and nanostructuring on the wear resistance of Grade-2 titanium surface

The development of wear-resistant surfaces supports sustainable and long-term work of friction couples. In this paper, we demonstrated laser structuring as a method for increasing Grade-2 titanium surface wear resistanc

THE PREDICTORS OF PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE VASCULAR DISEASES

Study Objective. To assess predictors of pneumonia in patients with acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke. Study Design: A retrospective analysis.Materials and methods. We reviewed archive data of 140 autopsy reports and medical histories of patients died from cardiovascular events to determine the frequency of pneumonia. The statistical analysis was used to derterman the connection between gender, age, duration of hospitalization, use of mechanical ventilation, central venous catheterization, presence of diabetes and COPD with the rate of pneumonia.Results and discussion. The study included 140 patients, of whom 84 (60,0%) with stroke in ischemic type 33 (23,6%) with stroke hemorrhagic type, and 23 (16.4%) with acute myocardial infarction. We examined the relationship of pneumonia with age, sex, duration of hospital stay, ventilator use, central venous catheterization, presence of diabetes and COPD. The average age of patients with pneumonia was 77±9 years, and without pneumonia 75±12 years. The average duration of hospitalization of the patients who died with pneumonia, was 13 (7,25; 25) days, and without pneumonia 3 (1; 10, and 25). Pneumonia developed in 39 (72,2%) males and 57 (66,3%) women. COPD was diagnosed in 98 (70%) patients. 19 patients (13,6%) patients have diabetes mellitus of the second type. CV catheterization was performed in 108 (77.1%) of the patient. In 83 (59.3%) patients during hospital treatment were on a artificial ventilation.Conclusion. The incidence of pneumonia increases depending on the duration of hospitalization, age, use of artificial ventilation. Gender, diabetes and COPD, central venous catheterization are not associated with the risk of pneumonia

The gynoecium structure in Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl., Sansevieria parva N.E. Brown and S. trifasciata Prain (Asparagaceae) with special emphasis on the structure of the septal nectary

In the gynoecium of Dracaena fragrans, Sansevieria parva and S. trifasciata, the vertical zonality of the ovary, the structural zonality of the gynoecium following Leinfellner, and the zonality of the septal nectary were studied. The ovary structure is characterised by a high parenchymatous ovary base and ovary roof as well as a long septal nectary that can be extended in both of them and opens with secretory nectary splits. The gynoecium of these species has a short synascidiate zone, a fertile hemisynascidiate zone with a median ovule attached, a hemisymlicate zone (only in D. fragrans) and an asymplicate zone (with postgenitally fused carpels) that comprises the ovary roof, common style and stigma. In the septal nectary, we detected three vertical zones: the basal zone of the distinct nectary in the ovary base or/and the synascidiate zone, the zone of the common nectary (in the hemisynascidiate and hemisymlicate zones) and the zone of the external nectary (the nectary splits in the asymplicate zone). The gynoecium structure in the studied species shows differences in the length of the gynoecium and septal nectary zones and also in the interrelationships of all these three types of vertical zonality

CORPORATE CULTURE OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCING THE SOCIAL HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN STUDENT YOUTH

In the article, the corporate culture of an educational organization is considered as a factor of influencing the social health of Russian student youth. The theoretical and methodological base of the study consists of the conceptual provisions of sociological theory, revealing two basic concepts: “corporate culture of an educational organization” and “social health of Russian student youth”. The authors highlight the main functions of corporate culture; give a sociological analysis of the concept of "social health" of youth. The attitude to health at the level of corporate culture of an educational organization is a system of corporate standards in relation to social health and its value in general and the social policy of this organization in the field of health. The article reveals personality- and functionally-oriented directions of the culture of corporate relations in terms of their impact on the social health of young people.No artigo, a cultura corporativa de uma organização educacional é considerada um fator de influência na saúde social dos jovens estudantes russos. A base teórica e metodológica do estudo consiste nas disposições conceituais da teoria sociológica, revelando dois conceitos básicos: “cultura corporativa de uma organização educacional” e “saúde social dos jovens estudantes russos”. Os autores destacam as principais funções da cultura corporativa; dar uma análise sociológica do conceito de "saúde social" da juventude. A atitude em relação à saúde no nível da cultura corporativa de uma organização educacional é um sistema de padrões corporativos em relação à saúde social e seu valor em geral e à política social dessa organização no campo da saúde. O artigo revela orientações orientadas para a personalidade e a função da cultura das relações corporativas em termos de seu impacto na saúde social dos jovens.  En el artículo, la cultura corporativa de una organización educativa se considera un factor que influye en la salud social de los jóvenes estudiantes rusos. La base teórica y metodológica del estudio consiste en las disposiciones conceptuales de la teoría sociológica, que revela dos conceptos básicos: "cultura corporativa de una organización educativa" y "salud social de los jóvenes estudiantes rusos". Los autores destacan las principales funciones de la cultura corporativa; Dar un análisis sociológico del concepto de "salud social" de la juventud. La actitud hacia la salud a nivel de cultura corporativa de una organización educativa es un sistema de estándares corporativos en relación con la salud social y su valor en general y la política social de esta organización en el campo de la salud. El artículo revela direcciones orientadas a la personalidad y la funcionalidad de la cultura de las relaciones corporativas en términos de su impacto en la salud social de los jóvenes