Nekrolog - prof. dr. Bogdan Šolaja

Bogdan Šolaja (1883-1956

Nekrolog - prof. dr. Bogdan Šolaja

Bogdan Šolaja (1883-1956

Totale thermodynamik I. Totale thermodynamik fester systeme

In den letzten Jahren isit im Journal of Chemical Educatiorn eine ganze Reihe von Arbeiten erschienen mit der Absicht die thermodynamischen Begriffe anschaulicher zu gestalten. Alle diese Arbeiten ignorieren aber vollkommen das driitte Gesetz

Totale thermodynamik II. Totale thermodynamik fluider systeme

Thermodynamische Gesetze konnen nur dann auf fluide Systeme angewendet werden, wenn sie mit der thermischen Zustandsgleichung kombiniert auftretten. Quantitative Interpretation solcher Systeme wird dadurch erschwert daiss wir keine allgemeingultige quantitative thermische Zustands-gleichung besitzen

A light spot on the leaf of Nelumbium

The authors point to a special light spot, which is situated in the middle of the leaf of Nelumbium luteum Wild., which is cultivated in the pond of the Botanical Garden of the University in Zagreb. As the previous investigators of the anatomy of Nelumbium’s leaf (Wigand-Dennert) have neither described this spot precisely, nor have they given any explanation, the authors have examined the anatomy of this organ and tried to explain it. The light spot is especially characterised by unusually big stomata (56X32), which are more than twice as big as the ones on the blade (lamina) of the leaf. Their number is, according to this, much smaller (cca 70 pro mm\u272) than on the leaf itself (cca 550 pro mm2). The stomata are built of guard cells, which have no thickenings, neither anticlinal nor periclinal, and contain a lot of starch. Directly attached to the stomata is the lacunose parenchyma and the inercellular lacunes-system of the petiole. The stomata are very permeable for gases, what can easyly be shown by blowing the air through the petiole of a leaf which is placed under the water. This, and the elementary test with the cobaltpaper, show that the light spot is a pneumathodic organ sui generis — which deals as »a chimney« on the leaf of Nelumbium to intensify the transpiration and exchange of gases as a special hydrophytic adaptation. The details of the structure of this organ in comparation with the anatomy of the leaf can be seen on the added figures

Losing the Ability in Activities of Daily Living in the Oldest Old: A Hierarchic Disability Scale from the Newcastle 85+ Study

Objectives: To investigate the order in which 85 year olds develop difficulty in performing a wide range of daily activities covering basic personal care, household care and mobility. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a cohort study. Setting: Newcastle upon Tyne and North Tyneside, UK. Participants: Individuals born in 1921, registered with participating general practices. Measurements: Detailed health assessment including 17 activities of daily living related to basic personal care, household care and mobility. Questions were of the form ‘Can you … ’ rather than ‘Do you… ’ Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to confirm a single underlying dimension for the items and Mokken Scaling was used to determine a subsequent hierarchy. Validity of the hierarchical scale was assessed by its associations with known predictors of disability. Results: 839 people within the Newcastle 85+ study for whom complete information was available on self-reported Activities of Daily Living (ADL). PCA confirmed a single underlying dimension; Mokken scaling confirmed a hierarchic scale where ‘Cutting toenails ’ was the first item with which participants had difficulty and ‘feeding ’ the last. The ordering of loss differed between men and women. Difficulty with ‘shopping ’ and ‘heavy housework ’ were reported earlier by women whilst men reported ‘walking 400 yards ’ earlier. Items formed clusters corresponding to strength, balance, lower and upper bod

Study protocol for the recreational stimulation for elders as a vehicle to resolve delirium superimposed on dementia (Reserve For DSD) trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Delirium is a state of confusion characterized by an acute and fluctuating decline in cognitive functioning. Delirium is common and deadly in older adults with dementia, and is often referred to as delirium superimposed on dementia, or DSD. Interventions that treat DSD are not well-developed because the mechanisms involved in its etiology are not completely understood. We have developed a theory-based intervention for DSD that is derived from the literature on cognitive reserve and based on our prior interdisciplinary work on delirium, recreational activities, and cognitive stimulation in people with dementia. Our preliminary work indicate that use of simple, cognitively stimulating activities may help resolve delirium by helping to focus inattention, the primary neuropsychological deficit in delirium. Our primary aim in this trial is to test the efficacy of Recreational Stimulation for Elders as a Vehicle to resolve DSD (RESERVE- DSD).</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This randomized repeated measures clinical trial will involve participants being recruited and enrolled at the time of admission to post acute care. We will randomize 256 subjects to intervention (RESERVE-DSD) or control (usual care). Intervention subjects will receive 30-minute sessions of tailored cognitively stimulating recreational activities for up to 30 days. We hypothesize that subjects who receive RESERVE-DSD will have: decreased severity and duration of delirium; greater gains in attention, orientation, memory, abstract thinking, and executive functioning; and greater gains in physical function compared to subjects with DSD who receive usual care. We will also evaluate potential moderators of intervention efficacy (lifetime of complex mental activities and APOE status). Our secondary aim is to describe the costs associated with RESERVE-DSD.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Our theory-based intervention, which uses simple, inexpensive recreational activities for delivering cognitive stimulation, is innovative because, to our knowledge it has not been tested as a treatment for DSD. This novel intervention for DSD builds on our prior delirium, recreational activity and cognitive stimulation research, and draws support from cognitive reserve theory.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01267682">NCT01267682</a></p