Ionske kapljevine – razvoj i izazovi industrijske primjene

Establishment of novel, highly productive, and sustainable processes for the production of industrially important compounds is becoming a growing area of research. Due to non-volatility, inflammability, great thermal, chemical and electrochemical stability and also recyclability, ionic liquids are extensively studied as possible green replacement for widely used conventional molecular solvents. Due to the extremely large number of possible chemical structures of ionic liquids, the ability to design ionic liquids for specific applications makes them unique solvents in electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, organic synthesis and (bio)catalysis, separation processes, as well as functional fluids (lubricants, heat transfer fluids, corrosion inhibitors etc.). This paper presents a review of the scientific and technical literature related to ionic liquids, their basic properties, preparation and application, as well as the challenges of their application on an industrial scale.Uspostavljanje novih visokoučinkovitih i održivih procesa proizvodnje industrijski važnih kemikalija predmet je brojnih znanstvenih istraživanja. Stoga se ionske kapljevine, zbog neznatne hlapljivosti, nezapaljivosti, velike toplinske, kemijske i elektrokemijske stabilnosti, te posebice mogućnosti regeneracije, posljednjih godina intenzivno proučavaju kao zelena zamjena za sveprisutna tradicionalna škodljiva otapala. Budući da je broj mogućih kemijskih struktura ionskih kapljevina iznimno velik, mogućnost dizajniranja ionskih kapljevina za specifične namjene čini ih jedinstvenim otapalima za raznovrsnu uporabu u elekrokemiji, organskoj sintezi i (bio)katalizi, analitici, separacijskim postupcima, ali i kao funkcionalnih kapljevina (sredstva za podmazivanje, akumulatori topline, inhibitori korozije i dr.). U ovom je radu dat pregled znanstvene i stručne literature vezane uz ionske kapljevine, njihova karakteristična svojstva, pripravu i primjenu, ali i izazove njihove primjene u industrijskom mjerilu

Growth characteristics of channel catfish ovary cells—influence of glucose and glutamine

The growth characteristics and influence of glucose and glutamine on the growth and maintenance of channel catfish ovary (CCO) cells were investigated. Besides glutamine, amino acids threonine, arginine, methionine and serine were found to be essential for CCO cell growth. In the glucose-free medium, glutamine is utilized as energy source and no cell growth limitation was observed. However, the lack of glutamine in culture medium did not stimulate CCO cells to efficient glucose consumption. When both glucose and glutamine were deficient, cell growth was also observed suggesting no rigorous nutritional requirements. Obtained results are useful for further understanding of culture processes using CCO cells