EMPLOYERS’ PREFERENCE FOR LABOUR; AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION FROM KERALA’S IN-MIGRATION CONTEXT

Purpose: To examine the employers’ preference for labour between migrants and natives in the in-migration context of Kerala and also to analyze whether there are any sector-wise differences in the employers’ preference. Methodology: Multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample for the study. The sample constitutes 432 employers/owners belong to three sectors namely, construction, manufacturing, and restaurants were selected from three districts of Kerala. Main Findings: Employers prefer migrant workers in the in-migration context as they are a better substitute when the majority of the factors are concerned. While working skills, work experience, health and risk in the employment of workers are concerned, either native were preferred or both the group of workers are preferred equally. The inter-sectoral analysis in the study also shows that in majority cases, there is a significant difference in the percentage distribution of employers across sectors according to their labour preference. Implication: The research results could be used to frame government policies related to entrepreneurs and also, in-migrant workers and native workers and their employment and unemployment situations. Novelty/Originality: The study is new and original because the previous studies discuss the in-migration in Kerala from the laborers’ perspective. This study shows the employers’ viewpoint. Also, the findings of this study are based on the field survey of 432 employers in three different sectors

Maternal and perinatal outcome in hypothyroidism in pregnancy: a prospective observational study

Background: This study was conducted to analyse the antenatal complications, perinatal outcome and to be advocate routine screening for thyroid disorders in pregnancy. This study was prospective and observational study with 50 cases which was newly diagnosed when suspected as pregnancy with thyroid disorders. The commonest thyroid disorder found in pregnancy is hypothyroidism and it adversely affects the maternal and fetal health in the form of infertility, early pregnancy loss, PIH, anaemia, IUGR, PROM, preterm labor, neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. If thyroid disorders are appropriately detected and treated either before or in early pregnancy, the adverse maternal and fetal outcome can be prevented.Methods: The present study was conducted in a tertiary care centre Mumbai from June 2015 to October 2016. All pregnant females who are newly diagnosed as hypothyroid, attending the ANC clinic were enrolled in the study.Results: In the present study, most common obstetric complication observed was preeclampsia and most common fetal complication was preterm delivery.Conclusions: In view of the high prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in Indian pregnant woman and its association with different adverse pregnancy related complications we recommend routine screening for thyroid dysfunctions in pregnancy

A Prevalence of Dysmenorrhea and its Correlating Lifestyle Factors among Female Students in Private Educational Institutions

The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 73% among the 17-25 year students in the present study. • Dysmenorrhea often associated with limitation in daily activities, and the affected students expressed poor satisfication with their academic performance during the periods when they exhibited the symptoms. • Researchers and health care providers should consider about the primary dysmenorrhea as a highly prevalent gynaecological complaint and intervention studies give due attention to the factors to reduce the intensity of pain. • It would also seem that if mothers family history significantly affects the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea, certain amount of reassurance on the part of the mothers can go a long way in helping their daughters cope with the discomforts that accompany primary dysmenorrhea. • The short sleeping hours, skipping breakfast and may associated life style factors are the risk factors for dysmenorrhea. • Therefore, strategies should be designed for early detection of the problems and management through change in students life style like promoting regular physical exercise reduced negative effect of the primary dysmenorrhea. It is concluded that developing educational programs for effective dysmenorrhea management to decrease symptoms would be beneficial for female students and may improve their study performance and social relationship. LIMITATIONS • The study was conducted in a small group. Because menstruation-related problems are a considered as ‘taboo’ in our study population. This results of which were evaluated according to the students self reports. • Therefore, the results of the study cannot be generalized. However it is thought that it will be source for prospective studies associated with dysmenorrhea. • We also could not discrimate between primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, so pain related to periods was considered as a whole. • Women were randomly selected, but some did not complete the questionnaire. This may have had an impact on the reported prevalence of the diseases

Phytochemical Screening, Physico Chemical Properties and Evaluation of Invitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activity on the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Hygrophila Balsamica

This research was made the first time for phytochemical identification, evaluation of some pharmacological activities, leaves of Hygrophila balsamica in-order to ascertain their traditional claims. The pharmacognostical study of leaves of powder of Hygrophila balsamica have been subjected to determination of organoleptic characteristics, physicochemical constants. These studies used to find out the quantity of soluble phytoconstituents on the given quantity of plant material, used to judge the authenticity of the plants as well as to distinguish the plant material from the adulterants or allied species. The preliminary phytochemical study of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Hygrophila balsamica showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannin, carbohydrate, and protein and the absence of gums and mucilage, phenols, sterols, and terpenoids. Qualitative chromatographic analysis of extracts using thin layer chromatography was performed to separate and identify the single or mixture of phytoconstituents in the extract and for the identification of different components in the extract qualitatively. Both Aqueous and Ethanol extract of leaves of Hygrophila balsamica showed the In-vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, activities. Hence, the leaf can be recommended therapeutically for the investigated medicinal claims.These observations will stimulate further research in the field of phytochemistry and also in the clinical application of phytoconstituents of Hygrophila balsamica in future

A comparative study of oral nifedipine and intravenous labetalol in control of acute hypertension in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

Background: This study was conducted to compare oral Nifedipine and intravenous Labetalol in control of acute hypertension in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. This study was observational study with 80 sample size in which 40 sample size treated with intravenous Labetalol and other 40 sample size treated with oral Nifedipine. The maternal and perinatal outcome in two groups sample size with oral Nifedipine and intravenous Labetalol compared and found that nevertheless these results do establish oral Nifedipine as an alternative to IV Labetalol in lowering BP in acute severe hypertension. In summary oral Nifedipine may be preferable as it has a convenient dosing pattern orally.Methods: The present study was conducted in tertiary care centre Mumbai from June 2016 to October 2016. All pregnant woman diagnosed with acute hypertension in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in labour room were enrolled in the study.Results: In the present study oral Nifedipine as an alternative to IV Labetalol in lowering BP in acute severe hypertension. In summary oral Nifedipine may be preferable as it has a convenient dosing pattern orally.Conclusions: A hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is one of the life-threatening complication encountered in obstetrics and globally is major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Management of acute severe hypertension in pregnancy is a challenging task. Present study compares the efficacy of oral Nifedipine and IV Labetalol in reaching the therapeutic goal. From the results of this study we can well conclude that oral Nifedipine is more efficacious

A descriptive study of the prevalence of hypothyroidism among antenatal women and foetal outcome in treated hypothyroid women

Background:The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women and to study the foetal outcome in antenatal mothers in whom treatment was initiated early in pregnancy.Methods:This was a descriptive study conducted in the department of OBG Sree Gokulam Medical College, Venjaramoodu, Trivandrum from April 2013 to Oct 2014. 500 antenatal women coming for routine antenatal check up in the first trimester to antenatal OP were screened for hypothyroidism.TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone) was done in the first trimester and the prevalence of hypothyroidism was estimated. Patients were diagnosed as having subclinical or overt hypothyroidism based on the FT3 (free T3) and FT4 (free T4) results. Patients detected with hypothyroidism –both subclinical and overt were started on appropriate dose of L-thyroxin depending on her gestational age, body weight and level of TSH. Every 6weeks TSH levels were estimated and the dose of the drug adjusted. All these patients were followed up for their foetal outcome such as intrauterine demise, hyperbilirubinemia, prematurity, stillbirths and neonatal hypothyroidism.Results: In the present study, the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 5.6% of which 4% were having subclinical and 1.6% was having overt hypothyroidism. No significant difference in foetal complications, perinatal mortality and morbidity was noted between hypothyroid and euthyroid women.Conclusions:TSH testing should be included in routine antenatal investigations for early detection of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism among antenatal women and early treatment should be initiated so as to prevent complications.1.       Akhter SN, Tarannum R, Kabir MS. Pregnancy in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and its fetomaternal outcome. Med Today. 2014;25(2). 2.       Sahu MT, Das V, Mittal S, Aggarwal A, Sahu M. overt and subclinical hypothyroid dysfunction among Indian pregnant women and its effect on maternal and foetal outcome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;281(2):215-20.3.       Ajmani SN, Aggarwal D, Bhatia P, Sharma M, Sarabhai V, Paul M. Prevalence of overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women and its effect on maternal and foetal outcome. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2014;64(2):105-10.4.       Nirmala CV. Maternal outcome of hypothyroidism in pregnancy- a south Indian perspective. Am J Clin Med Res. 2014;2(2):47-50.5.       Goel P, Radotra A, Devi K, Malhotra S, Aggarwal A, Huria A. Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancy with hypothyroidism. Indian J Med Sci. 2005;59 (3):116-7.6.       Cleary-Goldman J, Malone FD, Lambert-Messerlain G, Sullivan L, Canick J, Porter TF, et al. Maternal thyroid hypo function and pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(1):85-92.7.       Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, McIntre DD, Byrd W, Leveno KJ, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105(2):239-45.8.       Allan WC, Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Williams J R, Mitchell ML, Hermos RJ, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency and pregnancy complications implications for population screening. J Med Screen. 2000;7(3):127-30.9.       Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R, et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid Off J Am Thyroid Association. 2011;21(10):1081-125.10.    Cite this article as: Prasad DR, Nair NV, Deepika K.A descriptive study of the prevalence of hypothyroidism among antenatal women and foetal outcome in treated hypothyroid women.Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2016;5:1892-6. Basnet P, Aggarwal N, Suri V, Dutta P, Mukhopadhyay K. Comparison of Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnant women with hypothyroidism diagnosed before conception with hypothyroidism diagnosed during pregnancy Univers Coll Med Sci. 2014;2(2)

A Review on Predictive Analysis for Diabetic Blood Glucose and Reductionof over fitting inDiabetes using Deep Learning Neural Network

In this research, a prediction system is developed for the illness of diabetes and dropout strategy is made use to minimize the issues of overfitting. The key idea is arbitrarily drop unit from neural network during preparing. Expectation of blood glucose levels Measured by continuous glucose observing gadgets, by utilizing clinical information. The certain rate of a patients in the data set take as a training data and test on the left-over portion of the patients, i.e., the machine need not re-calibrate on other patients in the data set