Diversity Combining in Antenna Array Base Station Receiver for DS/CDMA System

This paper analyses few schemes for combining base station antenna array signals in wireless DS/CDMA. The performances of equal gain combining (EGC), likelihood rank test (LRT) and a modified rank test (MRT) are evaluated using simulation studies. The results indicate that, under certain assumptions on multiple access interference statistics, the probability of error of MRT is lower than that of EGC, if a few high power interfering users are present along with a low power user of interest. If there are a moderately large number of users and if the received power of all the users are nearly the same, then EGC outperforms MRT. In fact, under this condition, the performance of EGC is close to that of the optimal likelihood ratio test

Parameterizaion – Simulation – Optimization Approach for Reservoir Operation

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Morphological characterization and genetic barcoding of kuttiatoor mango accessions

A survey conducted during 2013-14 to collect and characterize the Kuttiattoor mango accessions from Kerala, revealed large unique variability in morphological, biochemical and DNA barcode data. All the accessions were polyembryonic with fruit maturity during February-March. The mature fruit length (cm), width (cm) and leaf length (cm) ranged from 5.10 – 9.60 (cm), 4.60 – 8.40 (cm) and 12.47- 30.40 (cm) respectively

Detection of Residues of Cardenolides of Nerium oleander by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography in Autopsy Samples

Background: Nerium oleander is an evergreen shrub of Apocynaceae family cultivated worldwide as an ornamental plant. All parts of the plant are toxic and contain a mixture of very toxic cardiac glycosides of cardenolides. A number of techniques were used to determine the cardenolides of N.oleander in various biological matrices. A survey of literature has revealed that the use of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the detection of oleander glycosides is very scanty. Method: A simple and rapid HPTLC method for separation and identification of cardenolides of N.oleander is reported. The cardenolides present in the aerial parts of the plant and residues available in the autopsy samples sent in cases of poisoning; were extracted with chloroform by using accelerated solvent extractor (ASE). Results: Separation of cardenolides was achieved on precoated silica gel 60F254 HPTLC plates with chloroform-acetone-acetic acid 8.5:1:0.5 (v/v) as mobile phase and densitometric analysis was carried out at 275 nm. A comprehensive study for the separation and detection of cardenolides in general and oleandrin in particular were studied by new mobile phases and spray reagents. The 1H-NMR spectra were recorded for the separated components and the component corresponding to oleandrin was identified. Conclusion: The method has specific advantages that it is simple, rapid and has higher resolution of separation achieved so as to be free from interferences from the plant and forensic matrices

Surveying and Calculation of a Given Area using a Quad-copter

The field of geometry has various applications and calculating the area is one of them and doing it manually is challenging and equally a daunting task. In this paper we propose a method to make use of a flying object with a camera to calculate the area. This can be achieved by augmenting the flying object with a camera that takes pictures and these pictures can be used and we can perform some operations to calculate the area of a given plane in an image. This not only saves time that an entity invests but also saves the amount of money he/she invests in the calculation of the area. We can enhance the calculation by incorporating much faster techniques and methods

Ensuring biological safety of drinking water at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India

Potability of drinking water from various sources at the campus of International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India had been assessed for 17 years (1994 to 2010). All four sources of drinking water at ICRISAT, including Manjeera water (Municipal corporation supplied drinking water), borewell 1, borewell 2 and ICRISAT water (mixture of both Manjeera as well as borewells after treatment), were tested for their potability once in two months by most probable number (MPN) method. The results indicated that water from borewells were not safe to drink without treatment as Escherichia coli was found in 10 and 12 years out of 17 tested years for bore wells 1 and 2, respectively. Manjeera water samples were also found unsafe in two out of the 17 years, whereas ICRISAT water was found safe to drink throughout the study period. This study indicated that even deep borewells (of about 135 ft) can get contaminated, and its water is not safe to drink without treatment, and an additional treatment of municipal water supply is required in order to have safe drinking water.Keywords: Potability, drinking water, Escherichia coli, borewell water, municipal wate

Groundnut Virus Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region Summary and recommendations of the Fourth Meeting of the International Working Group 12-14 Mar 1995

Virus diseases cause economically significant losses to groundnut crops. The Four t h Meet ing of the International Working Group on Groundnut Viruses in the Asia-Pacific Region was organized by ICRISAT in cooperation with Khon Kaen University, Thai land, Peanut Collaborative Research Suppor t Program (Peanut CRSP), USA, the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundat ion, USA, Belgian Administration for Development Cooperat ion, Australian Cent re for International Agricultural Research, Directorate General for International Cooperat ion of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Th e Nether lands, and the Overseas Development Administration, UK. The Meet ing was held to develop strategies for the management of groundnut virus diseases in Asia. Thi s publication contains summaries of the papers presented at the Meet ing. Th e first two sessions deal with genome organization of economically impor tant groundnut viruses, and strategies for producing transgenic groundnut s with resistance to virus diseases. The third and fourth sessions cover country-specific situations for the management of groundnut viruses in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar , Nepal , Pakistan, and Vietnam. Specific recommendat ions for collaborative research on groundnut viruses in the Asia-Pacific Region are listed. The opinions in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of ICRISAT. Th e designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ICRISAT concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Where trade names are used this does not constitute endorsement of or discrimination against any product by the Institute

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF PIROXICAM

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate the solid self-micro emulsifying dispersible tablets for promoting the dissolution of Piroxicam. Methods: Solubility study test was performed to know the solubility of various oil phase, surfactants, cosurfactants. Self-emulsifying grading test was done by visual grading system. Ternary phase diagrams and droplet size analysis test were performed to screen and optimize the Piroxicam-self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDS). Then microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was added as a suitable adsorbent and dispersible tablet were prepared by wet granulation compression method. Results: The final composition of Piroxicam-SMEDS was oil phase (oleic acid, 23%), surfactant (Cremophor R H-40,61%), co-surfactant (PEG-400,16%) based on the result of solubility test, self-emulsifying grading test, droplet size analysis and ternary phase diagrams. Microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was selected based on dissolution study (98.35%) and added to liquid Piroxicam-Smeds formulation to form dispersible tablets. The in vitro dissolution study showed 98.02 % of drug release from Piroxicam-SMEDS tablets. Conclusion: Piroxicam–Self microemulsifying dispersible tablets have increased the solubility and bioavailability of the Piroxicam to a greater extent. SMEDS formulation can help the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs

Research Need Assessment and Agricultural Research Priorities for South and West Asia: Proceedings of a Workshop held at ICRISAT, Patancheru 7-8 October 2004

Despite the impressive gains in food production,food security, and reduction in rural poverty in South Asia in recent times, problems such as degradation of natural resources, water scarcity, and lowproductivity persist in the region. The threat of marginalization of agriculture and livelihoods of the poor looms large in South and West Asia, where agriculture is the dominant economic activity. The emerging global challenges, paucity of resources, and the need for greater and quicker impacts now compels organizations to prioritize research. Thisworkshop was organized as part of APAARI, ICRISAT, and ICAR's on going effort to establish ademand - driven research agenda based on a participatory approach.The objective was to identify research priorities based on gap analysis by national programs. Representatives of five South and West Asian countries (India,Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal and Iran), CGIAR institutes, donors, NGOs,farmer ssociations, agricultural universities, and the private sector presented their research needs and emerging challenges, on the basis of identified critical gaps and alternative approaches for addressing these. This book is acompilation of the country papers presented, and spells out specific priorities at macro-, meso-, and micro-levels under the broad themes of genetic improvement, natural resources management, and socioeconomic and policy research

Evaluation of groundnut genotypes for resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii under artificial field inoculated conditions

Stem and pod rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is the major constraint to groundnut production in many groundnut growing regions of the world. Paucity of suitable field screening methods to identify sclerotium resistant genotypes hinders the progress of resistance breeding. A sick plot with high inoculum load of Sclerotium rolfsii, was established. A total of 165 sergeants derived from TAG 24 (adopted but susceptible variety) . R 9227 (stem rot resistant variety) were screened for resistance to stem and pod rot. The Fs and F6 generations were grown in the sick plot to confirm their reaction to stem and pod rot. Among different parameters, variation was highly heritable for yield per plant, disease incidence parameters potential for selection under disease epidemics. Strong negative association between disease incidence and yield per plant revealed the importance of disease incidence in determination of yield per plant under epiphytotic conditions. The higher number of superior segregants observed for p0d weight per plant (26), oil content (21), test weight ( 19) and shelling percentage (8) and disease at harvest (6) were compared to both the parents. None of the genotypes showed complete resistance. It is unlikely that highly resistant genotypes to neurotropic pathogen like Sclerotium rolfsii would be identified. However information obtained on genotypic variance, heritability, genetic advances and association of disease with yield and lines selected with considerable sclerotium resistance with good yield attributing characters (6) can be utilized in future breeding programs