Disparate developmental patterns of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in fish

We thank Dr J.-P. Levraud and S. Magadan for critical comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-13) under Grant Agreements 222719 LIFECYCLE and 311993 TARGETFISH, and by institutional grants from the University of Aberdeen, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Corrigendum: Disparate developmental patterns of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in fish Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 18524 (2016) doi:10.1038/srep18524 There is an error in the Materials and Methods section of this Article. “A rainbow trout double haploid clone, named B5731” should read: “Rainbow trout from the INRA ‘synthetic’ strain31”Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Identification of the Clostridium perfringens Genes Involved in the Adaptive Response to Oxidative Stress

Clostridium perfringens is a ubiquitous gram-positive pathogen that is present in the air, soil, animals, and humans. Although C. perfringens is strictly anaerobic, vegetative and stationary cells can survive in a growth-arrested stage in the presence of oxygen and/or low concentrations of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Indeed, it possesses an adaptive response to oxidative stress, which can be activated in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. To identify the genes involved in this oxidative stress response, C. perfringens strain 13 mutants were generated by Tn916 insertional mutagenesis and screened for resistance or sensitivity to various oxidative stresses. Three of the 12 sensitive mutants examined harbored an independently inserted single copy of the transposon in the same operon as two genes orthologous to the ydaD and ycdF genes of Bacillus subtilis, which encode a putative NADPH dehydrogenase. Complementation experiments and knockout experiments demonstrated that these genes are both required for efficient resistance to oxidative stress in C. perfringens and are probably responsible for the production of NADPH, which is required for maintenance of the intracellular redox balance in growth-arrested cells. Other Tn916 disrupted genes were also shown to play important roles in the oxidative stress response. This is the first time that some of these genes (e.g., a gene encoding an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, the β-glucuronidase gene, and the gene encoding the atypical iron sulfur prismane protein) have been shown to be involved in the oxidative response

Les finTRIMs, un groupe de protéines TRIM très diversifiées chez les poissons : un nouvel arsenal pour les défenses antivirales ?

National audienc

Les finTRIMs, un groupe de protéines TRIM très diversifiées chez les poissons : un nouvel arsenal pour les défenses antivirales ?

National audienc

Sequence variation analysis of the E2 gene of human papilloma virus type 16 in cervical lesions from women in Greece

The E2 gene of human papilloma virus is expressed at the early stage of the viral life cycle, encoding the E2 transcription factor, and regulates the expression of E6 and E7 oncogenes. Disruption of E2 gene due to viral integration inhibits the transcriptional suppression of the HPV oncogenes, inducing cell proliferation. In the present study, a total of 22 HPV16-positive cytological specimens derived from high- and low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions were investigated in order to identify sequence variations in the HPV16 E2 ORF. The E2 gene was amplified by PCR using external and internal overlapping sets of primers. Amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Disruption sites were detected in cervical samples diagnosed as high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions. Moreover, sequence variations were identified in the E2 ORF and specific variations were associated with non-European variants such as African type I, African type II and Asian American. A total of three new sequence variations were identified at positions 2791, 2823 (transactivation domain) and 3361 (hinge region). Distinct phylogenetic branches were formed according to E2 analysis that characterized the different HPV16 variants. It was ascertained that non-European variants are circulating in the Greek population