Use of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy

The applicability of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy is demonstrated. With the use of bacteriorhodopsin embedded in a lipid membrane as an example, the spectra of protons of neighboring amino acids are recorded, electric field gradients at the membrane surface are detected, and the constant of hyperfine interaction with the chlorine nucleus at the site of ion trapping is measured. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Use of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy

The applicability of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy is demonstrated. With the use of bacteriorhodopsin embedded in a lipid membrane as an example, the spectra of protons of neighboring amino acids are recorded, electric field gradients at the membrane surface are detected, and the constant of hyperfine interaction with the chlorine nucleus at the site of ion trapping is measured. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Use of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy

The applicability of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy is demonstrated. With the use of bacteriorhodopsin embedded in a lipid membrane as an example, the spectra of protons of neighboring amino acids are recorded, electric field gradients at the membrane surface are detected, and the constant of hyperfine interaction with the chlorine nucleus at the site of ion trapping is measured. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Use of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy

The applicability of spin labels to study membrane proteins by high-frequency electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy is demonstrated. With the use of bacteriorhodopsin embedded in a lipid membrane as an example, the spectra of protons of neighboring amino acids are recorded, electric field gradients at the membrane surface are detected, and the constant of hyperfine interaction with the chlorine nucleus at the site of ion trapping is measured

Effect of heat treatment conditions on electrical resistivity of 35KhGF molten steel

The authors have studied the effect of the grain structure, crystal structure and defects of 35KhGF steel samples on the character of temperature dependence of the melt specific electrical resistance at temperatures of 1450–1720 °C. Grain and crystalline structures changed as a result of heat treatment - normalization and tempering. The peculiarities of grain and crystalline structures, the defects were recognized according to the results of metallographic study. The metallographic study was carried out by diffraction of backscattered electrons-EBSD analysis. Scanning areas were chosen with the inclusion of defects in metal of technological origin, namely, microscopic discontinuities filled with gas or slag. The results of EBSD analysis are drawn as IPF-patterns; they show the texture state of the samples using the color assignment method. The microstructure of a 35KhGF steel sample after normalization at 910 °C has the smallest crystallites (of the order of 1 μm) and the largest extent of the grain boundaries. All samples have defects – discontinuities of the order of 1 μm in size. Specific electrical resistance of molten 35KhGF steel samples was measured by the method of rotating magnetic field in heating mode and subsequent cooling. For samples preliminarily normalized at 910 °C, a discrepancy in the temperature dependences of resistivity and an irreversible decrease in the resistivity temperature coefficient were observed in cooling mode of the melt. The discrepancy between the temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity and the irreversible decrease in the temperature coefficient of the resistivity was analyzed on the basis of the microinhomogeneous structure concepts of metallic melts and the pheno menon of metallurgical heredity. According to the notion of the microheterogeneous structure of metallic melts, the melting of a multiphase steel ingot does not immediately produce a homogeneous solution of the alloying elements in the iron at the atomic level, and a chemically microinhomogeneous state is maintained in a certain temperature range. Looking at the branching of the temperature dependences of the electrical resistivity, the transition of the melt into the state of true solution occurs only near the temperature T* = 1640 °C. The value of temperature T* according to the notion of the structural metallurgical heredity phenomenon depends on microstructure, phase composition and crystalline structure of the initial sample. The presence of discontinuities leads to appearance of an excess volume of melt during metal melting, which is partially retained during cooling and crystallization. In this case, the temperature coefficient of the resistivity in cooling mode is close to zero in absolute value, even at ingot cooling rates of the order of 10 °C/s the crystallization conditions change, in particular, the metal’s propensity to amorphization increases. © 2018, National University of Science and Technology MISIS. All rights reserved