The Latin Commentary Tradition on “Inclusive” Intended Ambiguity

In the Latin commentary tradition, we find comments on types of intended ambiguity familiar to us from ancient rhetorical criticism: ambiguities employed for jokes or puns, or for accommodating hidden meanings. These ambiguities can be said to be ‘exclusive’ ambiguities, whereby there is a ‘surface’ and a ‘deeper’ meaning of a word or phrase, the latter being the ‘point’ of the utterance. However, Latin commentators also comment on intended ‘inclusive’ ambiguities, whereby the author is seen to communicate multiple meanings at once, with all these meanings operating on the same level and all being ‘correct’. There appears to be no ancient theoretical reflection on this topic. I argue that there are two reasons for this disconnect between theory and practice: not all statements in ancient prescriptivist treatises on prose apply to poetry, and ancient commentators - who need to explain a text line-by-line - do not always operate on the basis of the same exegetical principles as writers of rhetorical treatises do

The role of breastfeeding and formula feeding regarding depressive symptoms and an impaired mother child bonding

Abstract Associations between depressive symptoms and breastfeeding are well documented. However, evidence is lacking for subdivisions of feeding styles, namely exclusive breastfeeding, exclusive formula feeding and a mixed feeding style (breastfeeding and formula feeding). In addition, studies examining associations between mother-child-bonding and breastfeeding have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study is to provide a more profound understanding of the different feeding styles and their associations with maternal mental health and mother-child-bonding. Data from 307 women were collected longitudinally in person (prenatally) and by telephone (3 months postnatally) using validated self-report measures, and analyzed using correlational analyses, unpaired group comparisons and regression analyses. Our results from a multinomial regression analysis revealed that impaired mother-child-bonding was positively associated with mixed feeding style (p = .003) and depressive symptoms prenatal were positively associated with exclusive formula feeding (p = .013). Further studies could investigate whether information about the underlying reasons we found for mixed feeding, such as insufficient weight gain of the child or the feeling that the child is unsatiated, could help prevent impaired mother-child-bonding. Overall, the results of this study have promising new implications for research and practice, regarding at-risk populations and implications for preventive measures regarding postpartum depression and an impaired mother-child-bonding

„Wechsel der Töne“. Musikalische Elemente in Friedrich Hölderlins Dichtung und ihre Rezeption bei den Komponisten

Friedrich Hölderlin gründete seine Poetik vom „Wechsel der Töne“ auf musikalischen Gesetzen und entnahm der Musik seine Metaphern, von der "Hymne an die Göttin der Harmonie" zur „Auflösung der Dissonanzen“ Hyperions, von den „reinen Melodien“ und dem „Saitenspiel“ zum „blinden Sänger“, von den „Nachtgesängen“ zu den „vaterländischen Gesängen“. Die außerordentliche Faszination, die sein Werk im 20. Jahrhundert auf Komponisten unterschiedlicher geographischer Herkunft und ästhetischer Orientierung ausübte, führte zu einer Flut von Vertonungen seiner Gedichte, zu Dramatisierungen seiner Texte, zu Instrumentalwerken und vielen anderen Formen der musikalischen Kreativität. Unter dieser Voraussetzung versucht der vorliegende Band – Ergebnis eines mehrjährigen Austauschs unter Germanisten, Musikwissenschaftlern und Philosophen – einerseits die musikalischen Grundlagen von Hölderlins Werk, andererseits den fruchtbaren Dialog der Komponisten mit dem Dichter näher zu bestimmen und dadurch Formen des interdisziplinären Dialogs zu praktizieren