Conclusion: New Projects and Old Reminders

Globalization and the transnational networks established by economic integration have produced a context in which the gathering of knowledge about Latina/o and Latin American communities is largely devoid of any processual perspective. This means that we must construct an alternative methodology to capture the international and transnational social fields and arenas of this multinational population. Nowhere does this type of dialogue appear more necessary than in studies of immigration from Latin America to the United States. In particular, we maintain that the integration of Latin American and Latina/o studies requires viewing these new waves of migrants as part of a synchronic flow of capital, goods, and resources back and forth between the United States and their countries of origin. We have shown in our discussion of remittances that multiple levels of economic dependency result

CIVIL CONFLICT AND FORCED MIGRATION: THE MICRO DETERMINANTES AND THE WELFARE LOSSES OF DISPLACEMENT IN COLOMBIA

During the last decade, forced internal displacement in Colombia has been a growing phenomenon closely linked to the escalation of the internal armed conflict - particularly in rural areas. The displacement problem has affected nearly every region and vulnerable groups of the population. Two emerging policy questions are whether the magnitude of the response to this problem has been proportional to its size and to what extent the instruments chosen are the most adequate to address it. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to identify the determinants of displacement behavior and to compare these findings with standard migration literature. Second, to estimate the burden or welfare losses of displacement. Empirical evidence shows that the welfare loss of displacement is considerable and amount to 37 percent of the net present value of rural lifetime aggregate consumption for the average household. This loss is estimated for each household with a method that derives welfare changes from behavioral model estimates - widely used in environmental economics. Our empirical findings also show that the level of violence at the origin site is not only the dominant factor of displacement behavior, but also that in a violent environment other migration determinants have the opposite effect, relative to the one expected by the migration literature in a non-violent context. That is, the violent environment modifies the migration incentives for risk aversion, access to information, the planning horizon, and location-specific assets - human and non-human.Forced displacement

Introduction: Processes, New Prospects, and Approaches

One of the best ways to begin to understand the cultures of the Latina/o populations of the United States is to consider the term as it has been used and appropriated over time. The term Latino (Spanish Latino Americana), according to David Bushnell 0970: 3) was first used by the Colombian publicist Jose Maria Torres Caicedo in 1856 (Miguel Tinker Salas, personal communication, 2001). Latin was used in the United States, especially in films from the 1920s through the 1960s as a cover designation that masked the origin of Mexicans and Puerto Ricans superseding the word Spanish to accomplish the same function

Civil Conflict and Forced Migration: The Micro Determinants and Welfare Losses of Displacement in Colombia

Summary Forced displacement in Colombia has soared due to the escalating internal conflict. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to identify adequate instruments for addressing the problem of displacement by estimating its determinants and comparing these findings with the standard migration literature; second, to estimate its welfare losses, thus providing evidence as to whether the response to this problem has been proportional to its size. We find that the welfare losses caused by displacement are 37% of the net present value of rural lifetime aggregate consumption. Our empirical findings also show that a violent environment modifies the net benefits of migration.

[A S.M. con motivo de las consultas efectuadas por el Marqués de los Vélez sobre proposiciones del Marqués de Fuentehermosa : carta / Antonio de la Riva Herrera]

Enc. Perg.Incipit: "Señor. Siruese V. Mag. por Real Orden de 29 del pasado mandarme vea las consultas que vuelben inclusas del Marques de los Velez, y que diga mi parezer sobre su contenido..." (fol. 17r)Explicit: "... quando se halle con mas grados y para otras mercedes, que no sean de tan perjudiciales consequencias. V. Mg. resoluera lo que fuere de su mayor seruicio. Madrid a 2 de Henero de 1691 (fol. 19r