One Health and Zoonoses: The Evolution of One Health and Incorporation of Zoonoses

Introduction: Zoonotic disease outbreaks have surged in the last two decades. These include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Hendra virus, Nipah virus, influenza viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and ebola. One Health is the initiative of an inclusive collaboration linking human, animal, and environmental health. One Health is advocated through an intersectoral coordination to combat zoonoses, and the term has evolved over centuries. The primary aim of this literature review was to examine the change in the definition of the term One Health over time, particuarly following the the introduction of the latest definition in 2007 by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association. Methods: This review was conducted in four phases. The first phase consisted of a general PubMed search for the phrase “One Health” for every literature published up to December 2014. Then an advanced search was carried out using “One Health” in conjunction with the terms “zoonosis” and “zoonoses” in PubMed for the time period between January 2007 and December 2014.  The articles found were then categorized based on the type of journals in which the articles were published. For the second phase, “One Health” was searched as a Medical subject heading (MeSH) term, which is the National Library of Medicine controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles. In the third phase, One Health advocate organizations were found using Google search engine. During the final phase, One Health was searched in Google scholar, examined by Google trends, and analyzed by Google ngram. Results: Before 2007, One Health had many connotations to health in the medical literature with an incomplete adherence to the usage of One Health linking zoonoses. The Google trends analysis shows an overal steady increase of the search of One Health from 2007 to 2014, which is consistent with the findings of articles from Pubmed. Discussion: Our results indicate that the linkage between the terms One Health and zoonoses started in 2007, which correlates with the joint declaration made by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association in 2007. We suggest creating a MeSH term for One Health in the PubMed database to support more specific research on zoonoses, and exploring the possibility of a patent of the term One Health to support global health and evidence based public health

One Health and Zoonoses: The Evolution of One Health and Incorporation of Zoonoses

Introduction: Zoonotic disease outbreaks have surged in the last two decades. These include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Hendra virus, Nipah virus, influenza viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and ebola. One Health is the initiative of an inclusive collaboration linking human, animal, and environmental health. One Health is advocated through an intersectoral coordination to combat zoonoses, and the term has evolved over centuries. The primary aim of this literature review was to examine the change in the definition of the term One Health over time, particuarly following the the introduction of the latest definition in 2007 by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association.Methods: This review was conducted in four phases. The first phase consisted of a general PubMed search for the phrase “One Health” for every literature published up to December 2014. Then an advanced search was carried out using “One Health” in conjunction with the terms “zoonosis” and “zoonoses” in PubMed for the time period between January 2007 and December 2014.  The articles found were then categorized based on the type of journals in which the articles were published. For the second phase, “One Health” was searched as a Medical subject heading (MeSH) term, which is the National Library of Medicine controlled vocabulary thesaurus used for indexing articles. In the third phase, One Health advocate organizations were found using Google search engine. During the final phase, One Health was searched in Google scholar, examined by Google trends, and analyzed by Google ngram.Results: Before 2007, One Health had many connotations to health in the medical literature with an incomplete adherence to the usage of One Health linking zoonoses. The Google trends analysis shows an overal steady increase of the search of One Health from 2007 to 2014, which is consistent with the findings of articles from Pubmed.Discussion: Our results indicate that the linkage between the terms One Health and zoonoses started in 2007, which correlates with the joint declaration made by the American Medical Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association in 2007. We suggest creating a MeSH term for One Health in the PubMed database to support more specific research on zoonoses, and exploring the possibility of a patent of the term One Health to support global health and evidence based public health.

Electrochemical oxidation of ethanol at ruthenium at oxide coated titanium electrode

Electrochemical oxidation of ethanol in 0.5 M sulphuric acid at ruthenium oxide coated titanium electrode was studied. Results of galvanostatic polarization and chronopotentiometric studies are reported. The data indicate the process to be adsorption controlled and accordingly a probable mechanism is propose

PRAGMATIC APPROACH TOWARDS MENSTRUAL PRACTICES: A CONTEMPORARY, CULTURAL, AND AYURVEDA SCIENCE REVIEW

Menstruation is a biological, cultural as well as now a political phenomenon. In culture and traditions across the globe menstruation is surrounded by secrecy, shame, embarrassment, fear, humiliation, silence, and stigma. Apart from these variables, several studies on menstrual practices also include other variables like bothersome, prohibitions, community, presumptions and seclusion. It is easy in today’s world to forget that menstruation is all about reproductive health. The practice of menstrual taboos in adolescent girls with its implications on hygiene are widely being studied and published. Ayurveda marks menstruating female as ‘Rajaswala’ and instructs to follow certain disciplined life style in terms of diet and routine activities while menstruating. Apart from culture and contemporary science, Ayurveda science believes observance of Rajaswala paricharya must for reproductive health and for procurement of healthy offspring. Present article is a review of various research works on menstrual practices globally and review of studies on Rajaswala paricharya

Embryonic development and hatching of Loligo duvaucelii Orbigny (Loliginidae, Cephalopoda) in the laboratory

The egg masses and adults U common squid Loligo duvaucelii were collected cm the shore seine and from the inteitidal sandy shore at Karwar. The embryonic development and hatching of the squid was observed in the laboratoiy, Each egg mop consisted <^ many egg capsules, each of which, in turn, consisted of 125-150 eggs. Eggs were 2 mm Iraig and 1.75 ram wide and very yolky. The young ones hatched in 5 days measuring 1.83 nun in DML and 3.17 mm in total length including the arms. Mantle width wa^ 1.5S mm. The young ones survived for 5 days in the aquaiium

Comparative Clinical Study on The Effect of Yoga and Music on Manasik Bhava During Pregnancy W.S.R.To The Mental Status of Pregnant Women

&nbsp; Purpose-Stress, anxiety, negative thoughts, and disrupted sleep of the expectant mother can all have negative effects on the unborn child. The current study looks into whether interventions such as yoga, pranayama, and classical music can improve maternal and foetal mental health. Methods-This comparative clinical study included 134 (67 in each group) pregnant women in total. A questionnaire was created, and parameter grading was performed. This study was conducted between the 18th and 20th weeks of pregnancy up to labour. The Hamilton anxiety scale was used to assess anxiety symptoms. Result-The current study found promising effects of yoga and music on depressive symptoms, maternal well-being, and perceived closeness during pregnancy. Prenatal yoga and music interventions could be a simple and effective way to improve the expectant mother's mood and well-being while also promoting mother-infant bonding. Conclusion-In terms of immediate effects, both interventions had a positive effect on sleep, mood and thoughts, emotional status, and anxiety symptoms

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance and Millennium Development Goals: Resolving the Challenges through One Health

Most emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses, which could severely hamper reaching the targets of millennium development goals (MDG). Five out of the total eight MDG’s are strongly associated with the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs). Recent emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant pathogens has accelerated and prevent reaching the targets of MDG, with shrinking of therapeutic arsenal, mostly due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). World Health Organization (WHO has identified AMR as 1 of the 3 greatest threats to global health.Until now, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been observed in hospital-acquired infections. In India, within a span of three years, New Delhi metallo-?-lactamase prevalence has risen from three percent in hospitals to twenty- fifty percent and is found to be colistin resistant as well. Routine use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry accounts for more than 50% in tonnage of all antimicrobial production to promote growth and prophylaxis. This has consequences to human health and environmental contamination with a profound impact on the environmental microbiome, resulting in resistance. Antibiotic development is now considered a global health crisis. The average time required to receive regulatory approval is 7.2 years. Moreover, the clinical approval success is only 16%. To overcome resistance in antimicrobials, intersectoral partnerships among medical, veterinary, and environmental disciplines, with specific epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches are needed. Joint efforts under “One Health”, beyond individual professional boundaries are required to stop antimicrobial resistance against zoonoses (EID) and reach the MDG

Mussel Farming Technology Dissemination to the Self Help Groups

The study is an attempt to assess the socio-economic impact of mussel farming by mobilising the self-help groups in Kerala snd Karnataka coastal belts. The study showed that mussel farming faced a number of impediments such as water salinity, seed availability, climatic vagaries, problem related to identification of proper beneficiaries and problems in marketing of mussels. The correlational analysis revealed a proportional relatioinship between group dynamics effectiveness and average yield obtained for each self-help group, which ensured a reasonable profit as a consequences of adoption of mussel farming

Effect of Yoga and Classical Music on Uterine Artery Indices

During antenatal period, the fetus and mother are connected through placenta, a structure that perform the functions of supplying nutrients to foetus, exchange of gases and elimination of waste through well maintained blood circulation. Thus, foetal health is dependent on this circulation. Any impairment in it can cause adverse effects on foetus. The present case study aimed at understanding the effect of yoga and Indian classical music on maternal and foetal health. Along with routine antenatal care, the patient was advised yoga exercises and listening to some Indian classical music ragas. Today, the effect of yoga and music has been examined on various physical and psychological dimensions of pregnant women. However, there are still sparse studies on the effect of yoga and music on the uterine artery indices as well as maternal and foetal complications. It was found that yoga and classical music resulted in improved uterine artery indices, foeto-maternal health and good foetal outcome

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