Studying the temperature regime of the heliopyrolysis device reactor

The article presents the principle of the heliopyrolysis device with a solar concentrator and the temperature measurement scheme at the characteristic points of the reactor. Pyrolysis of organic waste was carried out according to the experimental method in laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out on samples of organic waste (rubber, polyethylene film, plastic bottle) with an initial moisture content of 5÷20% and a size of 4÷6 mm. Based on the relationship between the amount of solar radiation and the ambient temperature for the city of Karshi (Uzbekistan), the experimental results of studying the temperatures inside the heliopyrolysis reactor when various organic wastes are loaded are presented. 0.25h according to the height of the reactor in the experiment; 0.35h; 0.25h; temperatures on the inner surface at distances of 0.15 h were recorded using the Mobile-CASSY 2 thermometer. It was determined that an average temperature of 350÷450 °C can be generated in the reactor of the experimental device. Experiments show that in the conditions of the city of Karshi, it is possible to create a mode of 300÷500°C sufficient for the pyrolysis of organic waste through a parabolic solar concentrator in the daytime mode

Evaluation of heat losses of the solar greenhouse during the heating season

The article presents the results of calculation of heat losses in greenhouses with different coatings, taking into account thermal-physical properties of coatings. In addition, based on the results of changes in external air temperature and solar radiation over time, numerical calculations were made on the heat load of a greenhouse with a useful area of 108 m2 and the thermal power provided by solar energy

Study of the Working Parameters of the Enzyme Protepsin and Its Effect on The Microstructure of Second-Grade Beef

"Protepsin" is an enzyme preparation of animal nature containing a complex of acid proteinases, intended for use in the meat industry for processing meat raw materials. The enzyme composition of the preparation is balanced according to the degree of exposure to various proteins of meat and meat systems used in the technology of obtaining meat products. "Protepsin" works in the meat system similarly to intracellular enzymes (cathepsins). It is their synergist and has additional qualities that allow it to act in a wider range of technological parameters, as well as to influence those protein systems on which intracellular enzymes do not act or have an effect to an insignificant extent [1]. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that semismoked sausage products are in particular demand among the population. Cost reduction while maintaining their quality in a competitive environment is a time requirement. Therefore, the use of the enzyme is one of the promising directions in the field of meat processing [1]. The aim of the work is to study the working parameters of the enzyme "Protepsin" and its effect on the microstructure of second-grade beef. Histological changes characterize the positive effect of the enzyme on the development of meat quality indicators. In this regard, the processing of meat raw materials with "Protepsin" leads to a significant reduction in the duration of maturation of meat, which makes it possible to achieve the necessary changes in a shorter time compared with the natural way of autolysis

Mathematical Modeling of the Combined Heat Supply System of a Solar House

Today, increasing energy efficiency in residential heating systems, saving fuel and energy resources, and improving the efficiency of using devices based on renewable energy sources is an urgent issue. The purpose of the article is to develop a mathematical model of the heat balance and conduct a theoretical study of one-story rural houses based on the use of solar energy in a non-stationary mode. To achieve this goal, an experimental one-story solar house with autonomous heat supply was built. The heat supply of the experimental solar house mainly uses solar energy, and when the heat supply load exceeds this load, the traditional boiler device is used. The power supply of the experimental solar house is provided by a solar panel (photovoltaic converter). A heat balance scheme for a solar house with autonomous heat supply and an electrothermal scheme of a physical model are proposed. Based on the proposed schemes, a mathematical model of heat balance and a calculation algorithm based on the heat balance equation of the dynamic state of the heat supply system of a one-story experimental solar house in a non-stationary mode have been developed. On the basis of mathematical modeling, the influence of the heat capacity of the wall structure on the temperature regime of the building was studied. On the basis of the MATLAB-Simulink program, the main temperature characteristics were built, on which the change in the temperature of the internal air of the building was analyzed depending on the ambient temperature. On the basis of the program, a modular scheme of the dynamic model was built. Based on the modular scheme, the results of the experiment on changing the air inside the solar house and the outdoor temperature are presented in the form of a graph. The mathematical model of the thermal balance of the building in dynamic mode and the obtained calculation results are recommended for use in the development of energy-efficient solar houses

Heat and Material Balance of Heliopyrolysis Device

The article proposes a technological scheme for the process of obtaining alternative fuels from local biomass by the method of heliopyrolysis. Besides, the temperature regime in the reactor of the pyrolysis device and the thermal energy savings consumed for the specific needs of the device, as well as the thermal performance of the device are analyzed. It is known that reducing energy consumption in pyrolysis technology is a major challenge because energy (heat) must first be supplied to maintain the reactor temperature regime. Typically, the processes carried out in a pyrolysis unit are carried out at the expense of coal, natural gas or electricity consumption. For the operation very large amount of thermal energy is required to decompose biomass waste, and additional heating of biomass requires excessive energy consumption. To prevent these technological problems, the article proposes a solar concentrator’s heliopyrolysis system to heat the pyrolysis reactor. Applying a solar concentrator to this type of pyrolysis device can achieve a temperature of 400–700 °C. A schematic diagram of the experimental pyrolysis unit of the solar concentrator was developed, and samples of alternative fuels (pyrogas, liquid, solid fuels) were obtained as a result of thermal processing of biomass. Based on the analysis of the material balance of a heliopyrolysis plant with a parabolic-cylindrical solar concentrator, it was found that about 20 % pyrogas, 60 % liquid fuel, 8–20 % solid alternative fuel were obtained during the pyrolysis of cotton stalks with an initial biomass load of 3.76 kg. In order to determine the consumption of thermal energy in the pyrolysis process, as well as for the replaced solar energy, an analysis of the heat balance of the proposed installation was carried out. It is shown that the use of a solar concentrator makes it possible to reduce the specific energy consumption for the pyrolysis process by up to 30 %. The proposed heliopyrolysis device makes it possible to reduce the consumption of thermal energy for own needs, increase the overall efficiency of the installation and ensure a stable temperature regime for pyrolysis

Тепловой и материальный баланс гелиопиролизного устройства

The article proposes a technological scheme for the process of obtaining alternative fuels from local biomass by the method of heliopyrolysis. Besides, the temperature regime in the reactor of the pyrolysis device and the thermal energy savings consumed for the specific needs of the device, as well as the thermal performance of the device are analyzed. It is known that reducing energy consumption in pyrolysis technology is a major challenge because energy (heat) must first be supplied to maintain the reactor temperature regime. Typically, the processes carried out in a pyrolysis unit are carried out at the expense of coal, natural gas or electricity consumption. For the operation very large amount of thermal energy is required to decompose biomass waste, and additional heating of biomass requires excessive energy consumption. To prevent these technological problems, the article proposes a solar concentrator’s heliopyrolysis system to heat the pyrolysis reactor. Applying a solar concentrator to this type of pyrolysis device can achieve a temperature of 400–700 °C. A schematic diagram of the experimental pyrolysis unit of the solar concentrator was developed, and samples of alternative fuels (pyrogas, liquid, solid fuels) were obtained as a result of thermal processing of biomass. Based on the analysis of the material balance of a heliopyrolysis plant with a parabolic-cylindrical solar concentrator, it was found that about 20 % pyrogas, 60 % liquid fuel, 8–20 % solid alternative fuel were obtained during the pyrolysis of cotton stalks with an initial biomass load of 3.76 kg. In order to determine the consumption of thermal energy in the pyrolysis process, as well as for the replaced solar energy, an analysis of the heat balance of the proposed installation was carried out. It is shown that the use of a solar concentrator makes it possible to reduce the specific energy consumption for the pyrolysis process by up to 30 %. The proposed heliopyrolysis device makes it possible to reduce the consumption of thermal energy for own needs, increase the overall efficiency of the installation and ensure a stable temperature regime for pyrolysis.. Предложена технологическая схема процесса получения альтернативного топлива из местной биомассы методом гелиопиролиза. Проанализированы температурный режим в реакторе пиролизной установки, экономия тепловой энергии, расходуемой на конкретные нужды оборудования, а также тепловая производительность установки. Снижение энергопотребления в технологии пиролиза является серьезной проблемой. Это связано с необходимостью подвода энергии (теплоты) для поддержания температурного режима реактора, дополнительного нагрева биомассы, а также особенностями процесса разложения отходов, для которого требуется очень большая тепловая энергия. Обычно пиролиз осуществляется за счет потребления угля, природного газа или электроэнергии. В статье предложено использовать для обогрева пиролизного реактора гелиопиролизную систему с параболо-цилиндрическим солнечным концентратором, что позволяет достичь температуры 400–700 °C. Разработана принципиальная схема экспериментальной пиролизной установки солнечного концентратора и получены образцы альтернативных топлив. Так, термическая переработка стеблей хлопчатника дала около 20 % пирогаза, 60 % жидкого топлива, 8–20 % твердого альтернативного топлива при загрузке исходной биомассы 3,76 кг. Рассмотрен тепловой и материальный баланс установки. Показано, что применение солнечного концентратора позволяет уменьшить удельные энергозатраты на процесс пиролиза до 30 %. Предложенная гелиопиролизная установка снижает расход тепловой энергии на собственные нужды, повышает общий коэффициент полезного действия и обеспечивает стабильный температурный режим пиролиза

Study of the physico-chemical properties of goat meat in order to justify the production of children's food products

The issue of rational nutrition of children is still extremely relevant and an effective factor ensuring the preservation of life and health of children. Pathological conditions associated with intolerance to certain components of food are increasingly common. Biologically complete products play an important role in the organization of rational nutrition of children, which can be created only in industrial production conditions. When assessing the chemical composition of experimental samples of goat meat (Zaanenskaya, Alpine, Nubian), no abnormal deviations were detected, and all indicators were in the generally accepted contents of this type of animal muscle tissue. The mineral composition showed that goat meat is rich in such elements as potassium - 1693.22-4125.83mg/kg; sodium - 852.27-1518 mg/kg, magnesium - 125.33-295.8 mg/kg; calcium - 79.27-160.79 mg/kg, iron 11.42-87.52 mg/kg. The vitamin composition of goat meat showed that the content of pantothenic acid (B5) was 0.53-0.62 mg/100g, pyridoxine (B6) 0.52-0.64 mg/100g tocopherol 0.27-0.33 mg/100g. The indicators of the mass fraction of goat meat proteins were 2.1 ± 0.3- 2.4 ± 0.4 %. The study of the dynamics of changes in the composition of protein fractions based on the results of comparative studies of the ratio of sarcoplasmic proteins showed the content of water-soluble (1.75-4.06 %), salt-soluble (1.75-2.44 %), alkali-soluble (11.15-15.10 %) proteins. The salt-soluble fraction reflects the total changes in the state of protein fractions, the solubility of which was not the same for the rocks under consideration (the highest concentration was determined in the Nubian rock)

Математическое моделирование комбинированной системы теплоснабжения солнечного дома)

Today, increasing energy efficiency in residential heating systems, saving fuel and energy resources, and improving the efficiency of using devices based on renewable energy sources is an urgent issue. The purpose of the article is to develop a mathematical model of the heat balance and conduct a theoretical study of one-story rural houses based on the use of solar energy in a non-stationary mode. To achieve this goal, an experimental one-story solar house with autonomous heat supply was built. The heat supply of the experimental solar house mainly uses solar energy, and when the heat supply load exceeds this load, the traditional boiler device is used. The power supply of the experimental solar house is provided by a solar panel (photovoltaic converter). A heat balance scheme for a solar house with autonomous heat supply and an electrothermal scheme of a physical model are proposed. Based on the proposed schemes, a mathematical model of heat balance and a calculation algorithm based on the heat balance equation of the dynamic state of the heat supply system of a one-story experimental solar house in a non-stationary mode have been developed. On the basis of mathematical modeling, the influence of the heat capacity of the wall structure on the temperature regime of the building was studied. On the basis of the MATLAB-Simulink program, the main temperature characteristics were built, on which the change in the temperature of the internal air of the building was analyzed depending on the ambient temperature. On the basis of the program, a modular scheme of the dynamic model was built. Based on the modular scheme, the results of the experiment on changing the air inside the solar house and the outdoor temperature are presented in the form of a graph. The mathematical model of the thermal balance of the building in dynamic mode and the obtained calculation results are recommended for use in the development of energy-efficient solar houses.Вопросы экономии топливно-энергетических ресурсов, повышения эффективности систем теплоснабжения жилых помещений, а также использования устройств на основе возобновляемых источников энергии на сегодняшний день имеют особую актуальность. Цель статьи – разработать математическую модель теплового баланса и провести теоретическое исследование одноэтажных сельских домов, использующих солнечную энергию в нестационарном режиме. Для ее реализации построен экспериментальный одноэтажный солнечный дом с автономным теплоснабжением на основе преимущественно солнечной энергии. В случаях, если нагрузка на теплоснабжение превышает солнечную нагрузку, применяется традиционное котельное устройство. Электроснабжение экспериментального дома обеспечивается солнечной панелью (фотоэлектрическим преобразователем). Предложены схема теплового баланса солнечного дома с автономным теплоснабжением и электротепловая схема физической модели. На их основе разработаны математическая модель и алгоритм расчета, базирующийся на уравнении теплового баланса динамического состояния системы теплоснабжения экспериментального дома в нестационарном режиме. Исследовано влияние теплоемкости стеновой конструкции на температурный режим здания. В среде моделирования MATLAB-Simulink построены основные температурные характеристики, на которых проанализировано изменение температуры внутреннего воздуха здания в зависимости от температуры окружающей среды. Построена модульная схема динамической модели, результаты эксперимента по изменению воздуха внутри солнечного дома и температуры наружного воздуха представлены в виде графика. Математическая модель теплового баланса здания в динамическом режиме и результаты расчетов могут использоваться при разработке энергоэффективных солнечных домов