The Impact of FDI on Economic Growth under Foreign Trade Regimes: A Case Study of Pakistan

FDI has been one of the defining features of the world economy over the past two decades. It has grown at an unprecedented pace for more than a decade. Liberalisation of the foreign trade regime is an integral part of growth of FDI. This paper investigates the trade policy regime followed by Pakistan that has influenced significantly both the amount of inward FDI received and economic growth. Our findings maintain that the Bhagwati Hypothesis Emphasis on both export promotion policy and inward FDI on the part of the government can get the desired result of economic growth.Foreign Investment, Economic Growth, Trade, Pakistan

Peningkatan Kualitas Pendidikan Melalui Sistem Penjaminan Mutu

Standar penjaminan mutu pendidikan dalam kehidupan yang penuh kompetisi seperti ini tuntutan masyarakat terhadap kualitas semakin tinggi termasuk tuntutan terhadap kualitas Pendidikan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masyarakat masih yakin pendidikan mampu menjawab dan mengantisipasi berbagai tantangan masa depan. Dalam konteks inilah kualitas pendidikan menjadi penting untuk menerapkan sistem penjaminan mutu supaya memberikan kualitas layanan pendidikan terbaiknya untuk masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang komprehensip tentang pemahaman peningkatan kualitas pendidikan melalui sistem penjaminan mutu yang meliputi kepuasan pelanggan, mengungkapkan proses penetapan standar mutu, peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dan faktor-faktor yang menjadi dasar penetapan standar mutu serta memberikan gambaran strategi dalam mencapai standar penjaminan mutu yang telah ditetapkan

Implementasi Standar Pengelolaan Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Jembe Kecamatan Janapria Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020

This study describes the implementation of management standards of education in SDN 1 Jembe. Concerning about the school program planning, implementation plan of school programs, monitoring and evaluation, the leadership of headmaster. This study used a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from principals, vice-principals, heads of administration, teachers, and students. The research data obtained by triangulation techniques through observation, interviews, and document research. The results of this study revealed five findings are: 1) Planning program at SDN 1 Jembe are in accordance with the Education Management Standards but based on the research, SDN 1 Jembe not done a SWOT analysis. While the school has a strategic plan for the school, but the school strategic plan is not based on in-depth analysis in advance. 2) Implementation of the program at SDN 1 Jembe an aspect which is more dominant than the other standard component of education management. 3) Monitoring and evaluation at SDN 1 Jembe carried out in accordance with the rules on the implementation of management standards. forms of monitoring and evaluation at SDN 1 Jembe implemented through the preparation of a monitoring program on the aspects of the implementation of the SBC and the performance of educators by the school principal, 4) Leadership in SDN 1 Jembe is in conformity with the standards management of education because it consists of the principals assisted by four deputies, although supposed to be composed of five vice-principals

Estimation of Export Supply Function for Citrus Fruit in Pakistan

There is strong evidence in the literature that export and economic growth have a positive relationship. In Pakistan, with an agrarian economy, earnings from primary agricultural exports are vital for the overall growth process. Fruits are the traditional export commodities, which contribute more than half of total export earnings from primary agricultural commodities. The persistent instability in world market prices for primary commodities has depressed the export earnings from these commodities over time. This poses great challenges to a country like Pakistan. The present study aims at examining changes in the volume of export of citrus fruit from Pakistan caused by such factors as changes in domestic and export prices, national product, foreign exchange rate, etc. The study uses time series data for the period 1975–2004 for citrus exports and related domestic price, export price, GDP, and foreign exchange rate, employing the co-integration and error correction techniques for analysis purposes.

Interaction between population and Enviromental Degradation

The present study investigates the long-run interrelationship among the demographic variables and environmental indicators by using the Johansen-Juselius cointegration technique and error correction model to determine the short-run dynamics of the system related to time series data for Pakistan economy, over the period 1972–2001. The paper finds the existence of a cointegrating vector, indicating a valid long-run relationship among the variables. Moreover, demographic variables have a significant effect in the short-run on AL but their short-run coefficients have an insignificant impact on CO2 emission. The empirical evidence clearly support that high population growth rates have a deleterious impact on environment. The policy implication thereof is to enhance the need of lowering population in Pakistan which seems to be a burden on the existing resources and a challenge to the environment.

case study of Pakistan

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy in Economic development,2014masterpublishedAZHAR, Usman

Environmental Effects of Trade Liberalisation: A Case Study of Pakistan

Within today’s global economy countries now trade more intensively and frequently than in the past. Trade has become an increasingly important global economic activity, with annual trade volumes increasing sixteen fold over the last fifty years and the ratio of world exports to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) now approaching twenty percent. With this recent acceleration of global trade, countries throughout the world have benefited from more investment, industrial development, and employment and income growth. Other positive effects include increased mobility of capital, increased ease of movement of goods and services (and information) across national borders as well as the diffusion of global norms and values, the spread of democracy and international environmental and human rights agreements. Critics of trade liberalisation argue that these much-acclaimed advantages of trade liberalisation (and globalisation) often underrate the impact of globalisation on widening the economic gap between the North and the South. Over the years, attention has been given to the advantages of trade liberalisation and globalisation to the detriment of the disadvantages. The major disadvantage that is always swept under the rug is the environmental problem. Recently, however, there has been an increasing concern over the potential negative impacts of trade liberalisation, particularly on the environmental and natural resources of developing countries

Pola pengasuhan anak secara tradisional Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh

Buku ini berisi tentang pola pengasuhan anak dalam keluarga secara tradisional di propinsi daerah istimewa Aceh, seperti pola interaksi antara ayah, ibu, dan anak, pola interaksi anatara anak dan orang luar, serta disiplin yang diterapkan dalam keluarga, makan, beribadah, dan lain sebagainy