Population fluctuation mechanism of the super-thermal photon statistic of LEDs with collective effects

We found that fluctuations in the number of emitters lead to a super-thermal photon statistics of small LEDs in a linear regime, with a strong emitter-field coupling and a bad cavity favorable for collective effects. A simple analytical expression for the second-order correlation function g_2 is found. g_2 increase up to g_2=6 in the two-level LED model is predicted. The super-thermal photon statistics is related to the population fluctuation increase of the spontaneous emission to the cavity mode.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure

Quantum fluctuations in the small Fabry-Perot interferometer

We consider the small, of the size of the order of the wavelength, interferometer with the main mode excited by a quantum field from a nano-LED or a laser. The input field is detuned from the interferometer mode with, on average, a few photons. We find the field and the photon number fluctuation spectra inside and outside the interferometer and identify the contributions of quantum and classical noise in the spectra. Structures of spectra are different for the field, the photon number fluctuations inside the interferometer; for the transmitted, and the reflected fields. We note asymmetries in spectra. Differences in the spectra are related to the colored (white) quantum noise inside (outside) the interferometer. We calculate the second-order time correlation functions; they oscillate and be negative under certain conditions. Results help the study, design, manufacture, and use small elements of quantum optical integrated circuits, such as delay lines and optical transistors.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Single photon optical bistability

We investigate the bistability in a small Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) with the optical wavelength size cavity, the nonlinear Kerr medium and only a few photons, on average, excited by the external quantum field. Analytical expressions for the stationary mean photon number, the bistability domain, the field and the photon number fluctuation spectra are obtained. Multiple stationary states of the FPI cavity field with different spectra are possible at realistic conditions, for example, in the FPI with the photonic crystal cavity and the semiconductor-doped glass nonlinear medium.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure

Photoemission from metal nanoparticles

A.Brodsky and Yu.Gurevitch approach is discussed and generalized for photoemission from metal nano-particles taking into account the excitation of localized plasmon resonance (LPR) and changes of electromagnetic field (EMF) and conduction electron mass in the metal - environment interface. New result is the increase of photo-emission current several time respectively to the case of continues metal film due to increase of intensity of EMF near the surface of nanoparticles and also due to surface phenomena mentioned above. Results can be applied for development new photodetectors, photo energy converters (solar cells) and for more studies of photoemission from metal nanoparticles.Comment: Accepted for publication in Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, http://ufn.ru/en/articles/accepted/35575/, Citation: Protsenko I E, Uskov A V "Photoemission from metal nanoparticles" Phys. Usp., accepte

Oscillator laser model

A laser model is formulated in terms of quantum harmonic oscillators. Emitters in the low lasing states are usual harmonic oscillators, and emitters in the upper states are inverted harmonic oscillators. Diffusion coefficients, consistent with the model and necessary for solving quantum nonlinear laser equations analytically, are found. Photon number fluctuations of the lasing mode and fluctuations of the population of the lasing states are calculated. Collective Rabi splitting peaks are predicted in the intensity fluctuation spectra of the superradiant lasers. Population fluctuation mechanisms in superradiant lasers and lasers without superradiance are discussed and compared with each other.Comment: Preprint: 18 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

On collective Rabi splitting in nanolasers and nano-LEDs

We analytically calculate the optical emission spectrum of nanolasers and nano-LEDs based on a model of many incoherently pumped two-level emitters in a cavity. At low pump rates we find two peaks in the spectrum for large coupling strengths and numbers of emitters. We interpret the double-peaked spectrum as a signature of collective Rabi splitting, and discuss the difference between the splitting of the spectrum and the existence of two eigenmodes. We show that an LED will never exhibit a split spectrum, even though it can have distinct eigenmodes. For systems where the splitting is possible we show that the two peaks merge into a single one when the pump rate is increased. Finally, we compute the linewidth of the systems, and discuss the influence of inter-emitter correlations on the lineshape

Transition absorption as a mechanism of surface photoelectron emission from metals

Transition absorption of electromagnetic field energy by an electron passing through a boundary between two media with different dielectric permittivities is considered both classically and quantum mechanically. It is shown that transition absorption can make a substantial contribution to the process of electron photoemission from metals due to the surface photoelectric effect.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure