New Pigeon Pea (\u3cem\u3eCajanus Cajan\u3c/em\u3e) Hybrids With Desirable Forage Traits

Pigeon pea is a tropical forage legume usually sown in mixed pastures with tropical forage grasses. Most of the available cultivars shows erect and tall plants with poor tillering potential, breakable thick stems, low leaf/stem ratios (fresh/dry matter) and low persistence under animal grazing. It shows a high dry matter production, due to low leaf/stem ratios (Barnes & Addo, 1997). Pigeon pea shows good crude protein levels/dry matter (ranging from 14-23%) and regular in vitro digestibility indexes (52-58%) (Karachi & Matata, 1996); animal consumption is affected by high tannin levels of young leaves. Being a self-pollinated species, the variability for forage traits occurs among cultivars available at germplasm banks. No significant variation is observed for any forage character within a given population. Effective selection and releasing of new genetic materials bearing desirable morpho-agronomic and forage traits is mostly dependent on increases of genetic variation, which may be accomplished through artificial crossings between selected parentals. This research work was aimed at the synthesis of new pigeon pea hybrids, hopefully bearing new desirable forage characters

Effects of a Recurrent Selection Scheme, Applied to an Interspecific Hybrid \u3cem\u3ePennisetum Purpureum\u3c/em\u3e Schum. (Elephantgrass) \u3cem\u3ex Pennisetum Glaucum\u3c/em\u3e (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet), on Several Seed Quality Parameters

Elephantgrass cultivars and introductions show practically no viable pure seeds and their uses in cultivated grasslands are exclusively dependent on vegetative propagation. Therefore, in large areas, sowing operation costs make unfeasible setting up new pastures. On the other hand, pearl millet is a high seed producer species though presenting some forage constraints (poor forage production, low regrowth potential after cutting or grazing and low field persistence). Recently, an hexaploid interespecific hybrid between the two species was developed (Schank & Diz, 1996), which is able to produce viable pure seeds, in variable amounts according to the genotype considered (Diz & Schank, 1995). This research aimed to check several seed quality parameters in two selected populations, derived from the original F2 interespecific hybrid population

Yield and Quality Parameters of an Interspecific Hybrid \u3cem\u3ePennisetum Purpureum\u3c/em\u3e Schum. (Elephant-Grass) \u3cem\u3eX Pennisetum Glaucum\u3c/em\u3e (L.) R. Br. Stuntz (Pearl Millet)

Elephant-grass is a tropical forage grass used either as a supplement fodder or for direct grazing. It usually shows regular nutritive value (6-13% crude protein, CP, and 55-60% forage digestibility) (Alcantara et al., 1981). Most of the available cultivars produce no viable seeds. On the other hand, pearl millet has high seed yielding potential along with high quality forage (\u3e15% CP and 70% forage digestibility). However, it shows poor forage production, low field persistence under grazing and low regrowth potential after cutting or grazing. During the 90\u27s, an interspecific hybrid between the two species was developed, trying to combine the elephant-grass adaaptability and forage yielding potential with the pearl millet forage quality and seed yielding potential (Schank et al., 1993; Schank, 1996). The new genetic material was able to produce viable seeds in variable amounts (Diz et al., 1995). The main aim of this research was to produce selected populations with high phenotypic uniformities, showing high average forage production and quality

Seed controlled deterioration of three interspecific elephant grass x pearl millet hybrids

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)In order to allow using seeds from three interspecific elephant grass x pearl millet hybrids (Original, Cutting and Grazing-types) to set pasture fields, it became necessary to analyze their performances in relation to storage conditions and controlled deterioration. Five moisture content levels and three storage temperatures (40, 50 and 65 degrees C) have been tested for each hybrid. Seed sub samples for each moisture content and storage temperature combination were sealed in laminated aluminum foil packages and stored at those temperatures until complete survival curves have been obtained. The recurrent selection increased seed initial quality (Ki) for grazing-type population (lower and more tillered plants); however inverse results were observed for cutting-type population (higher and less tillered plants). Viability equation constants estimated for Cutting-type, Original and Grazing-type hybrids are: K(E) = 8.417, 7.735 and 8.285; C(w) = 5.037, 4.658 and 4.522; C(H) = 0.02309, 0.01969 and 0.03655; C(Q) = 0.000436; 0.000403 and 0.000300, respectively. The viability equation constants for the hybrids are K(E) = 8.033; C(w) = 4.662; C(H) = 0.02544; C(Q) = 0.000386. Through the equations, it is feasible to estimate the germination percentage of a seed lot after different storage conditions.383428434Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Viabilidade de sementes de Citrus limonia Osb. com baixo teor de umidade, armazenadas em diferentes temperaturas

“Limão-cravo" seeds with initial 25% moisture content were dried up to 6% moisture content, kept in sealed cans and stored at 4, 18 and 25°C. Non-treated seeds (fresh seeds) were stored in paper bags at 25°C. Seed germination and moisture content were determined every two months throughout the year. A germination test was also carried out on dried seeds when they had been stored for 32 months. Fresh seeds reached around 6% moisture content after two-month storage and had their germination percentages drastically reduced throughout the storage period, reaching zero after eight-month storage. Dried seeds had a slight but significant initial drop in germinability as compared with fresh seeds. The germination percentages of dried seeds was high throughout the twelve-month period, regardless of the storage temperature. After 32-month storage the germination percentage was high only on the seeds stored at 4°C. The data suggest that seed viability of Citrus limonia Osb. can be maintained through artificial drying up to 6% moisture content and storage in sealed cans at 4°C.Sementes de limão-cravo, com teor de umidade inicial de 25%, foram secadas até 6% de umidade, enlatadas hermeticamente e armazenadas a 4, 18 e 25°C. Sementes não-tratadas (sementes frescas) foram armazenadas em sacos de papel à temperatura de 25°C. A cada dois meses durante doze meses foram determinados o teor de umidade e a germinação das sementes destes vários tratamentos. A germinação também foi verificada em sementes secas, armazenadas por 32 meses. As sementes frescas (não-tratadas) atingiram um teor de umidade ao redor de 6% após dois meses de armazenamento. A percentagem de germinação das mesmas caiu drasticamente até os seis meses de armazenamento. Após oito meses, não ocorreu mais a germinação. As sementes secas tiveram uma queda inicial pequena, porém significativa na germinação, se comparada com os resultados obtidos com sementes frescas; mas a sua percentagem de germinação se manteve sempre alta durante doze meses. Após 32 meses, a percentagem de germinação foi alta apenas quando a temperatura de armazenamento havia sido a de 4°C. Para manter a viabilidade de sementes de limão-cravo, aconselha-se a secagem artificial até cerca de 6% de umidade, enlatamento hermético e armazenamento na temperatura de 4°C

Physical and Quality Seed Traits Observed in New Pigeon Pea (\u3cem\u3eCajanus Cajan\u3c/em\u3e) Hybrids

Pigeon pea seed production may be affected by factors such as % of pure seeds, mean seed weight, incidence of pests and diseases and environmental stresses. Harvested seeds from different cultivars may also vary in germination %, hardseededness and germination speed. Hardseededness (seed coat impermeability to water) commonly occurs in forage legume species (Hopkinson, 1993). There is considerable variation among different entries for seed characters but this is not considered within genetic materials. This research analysed harvested seeds of selected individuals of two segregating F2 pigeon pea populations for the above cited traits and assessed the range of variation for them resulting from the hybridisation process

Selection of rice cultivars resistant to some pathogens using seed health testing

Trinta e seis progênies de arroz (Oryza sativa L) irrigado foram testadas, em campo, objetivando-se determinar os fungos mais importantes de sementes e o desempenho das progênies com relação a esses patógenos, dando-se ênfase especial à descoloração e consequente perda de peso de sementes. Observaram-se diferenças significativas entre progênies quanto à presença de sete fungos de sementes. Entretanto, considerando-se a descoloração e a consequente perda de peso de sementes, Rhynchosporium oryzae, Phoma spp., Trichoconis padwickii e Helminthosporium oryzae se apresentaram como patógenos mais nocivos. Em todos os parâmetros analisados, sete progênies suplantaram a cultivar comercial IAC-899, usada como controle. Conclui-se que, apesar de trabalhoso, o teste de sanidade de sementes é um instrumento muito eficaz na seleção de novos germoplasmas de arroz com baixa incidência de fungos de sementes.Thirty-six lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) progenies have been tested in yield trials aiming at determining the most important seed-borne fungi and the progeny performance as to each of the pathogens found in seeds, with special emphasis on seed discoloration and consequent seed weight loss. Significant progeny differences as to seven seed-born fungi have been found; however, as far as seed discoloration and consequent seed weight loss are concerned, Rhynchosporium oryzae, Phoma spp., Trichoconis padwickii and Helminthosporium oryzae have been the most important pathogens. Seven progenies outperformed IAC-899 (commercial variety used as control) regarding all the parameters analysed. It is concluded that seed health testing is an effective complementary 1001 in selecting rice germplasms with lower seed-borne fungal incidence