1,945 research outputs found
Two-dimensional melting far from equilibrium in a granular monolayer
We report an experimental investigation of the transition from a hexagonally
ordered solid phase to a disordered liquid in a monolayer of vibrated spheres.
The transition occurs as the intensity of the vibration amplitude is increased.
Measurements of the density of dislocations and the positional and
orientational correlation functions show evidence for a dislocation-mediated
continuous transition from a solid phase with long-range order to a liquid with
only short-range order. The results show a strong similarity to simulations of
melting of hard disks in equilibrium, despite the fact that the granular
monolayer is far from equilibrium due to the effects of interparticle
dissipation and the vibrational forcing.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Effect of inelasticity on the phase transitions of a thin vibrated granular layer
We describe an experimental and computational investigation of the ordered
and disordered phases of a vibrating thin, dense granular layer composed of
identical metal spheres. We compare the results from spheres with different
amounts of inelasticity and show that inelasticity has a strong effect on the
phase diagram. We also report the melting of an ordered phase to a homogeneous
disordered liquid phase at high vibration amplitude or at large inelasticities.
Our results show that dissipation has a strong effect on ordering and that in
this system ordered phases are absent entirely in highly inelastic materials.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, published in Physical Review E. Title of first
version slightly change
Localized Stress Fluctuations Drive Shear Thickening in Dense Suspensions
The mechanical response of solid particles dispersed in a Newtonian fluid
exhibits a wide range of nonlinear phenomena including a dramatic increase in
the viscosity \cite{1-3} with increasing stress. If the volume fraction of the
solid phase is moderately high, the suspension will undergo continuous shear
thickening (CST), where the suspension viscosity increases smoothly with
applied shear stress; at still higher volume fractions the suspension can
display discontinuous shear thickening (DST), where the viscosity changes
abruptly over several orders of magnitude upon increasing applied stress.
Proposed models to explain this phenomenon are based in two distinct types of
particle interactions, hydrodynamic\cite{2,4,5} and frictional\cite{6-10}. In
both cases, the increase in the bulk viscosity is attributed to some form of
localized clustering\cite{11,12}. However, the physical properties and
dynamical behavior of these heterogeneities remains unclear. Here we show that
continuous shear thickening originates from dynamic localized well defined
regions of particles with a high viscosity that increases rapidly with
concentration. Furthermore, we find that the spatial extent of these regions is
largely determined by the distance between the shearing surfaces. Our results
demonstrate that continuous shear thickening arises from increasingly frequent
localized discontinuous transitions between coexisting low and high viscosity
Newtonian fluid phases. Our results provide a critical physical link between
the microscopic dynamical processes that determine particle interactions and
bulk rheological response of shear thickened fluids
The effects of forcing and dissipation on phase transitions in thin granular layers
Recent experimental and computational studies of vibrated thin layers of
identical spheres have shown transitions to ordered phases similar to those
seen in equilibrium systems. Motivated by these results, we carry out
simulations of hard inelastic spheres forced by homogenous white noise. We find
a transition to an ordered state of the same symmetry as that seen in the
experiments, but the clear phase separation observed in the vibrated system is
absent. Simulations of purely elastic spheres also show no evidence for phase
separation. We show that the energy injection in the vibrated system is
dramatically different in the different phases, and suggest that this creates
an effective surface tension not present in the equilibrium or randomly forced
systems. We do find, however, that inelasticity suppresses the onset of the
ordered phase with random forcing, as is observed in the vibrating system, and
that the amount of the suppression is proportional to the degree of
inelasticity. The suppression depends on the details of the energy injection
mechanism, but is completely eliminated when inelastic collisions are replaced
by uniform system-wide energy dissipation.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Twisted Mass Finite Volume Effects
We calculate finite volume effects on the pion masses and decay constant in
twisted mass lattice QCD (tmLQCD) at finite lattice spacing. We show that the
lighter neutral pion in tmLQCD gives rise to finite volume effects that are
exponentially enhanced when compared to those arising from the heavier charged
pions. We demonstrate that the recent two flavour twisted mass lattice data can
be better fitted when twisted mass effects in finite volume corrections are
taken into account.Comment: 17 pages, revte
3-point functions from twisted mass lattice QCD at small quark masses
We show at the example of the matrix element between pion states of a
twist-2, non-singlet operator that Wilson twisted mass fermions allow to
compute this phenomenologically relevant quantitiy at small pseudo scalar
masses of O(270 MeV). In the quenched approximation, we investigate the scaling
behaviour of this observable that is derived from a 3-point function by
applying two definitions of the critical mass and find a scaling compatible
with the expected O(a^2) behaviour in both cases. A combined continuum
extrapolations allows to obtain reliable results at small pion masses, which
previously could not be explored by lattice QCD simulations.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, talk presented at Lattice 200
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