CHANGE AND CONFLICT IN LAND AND WATER USE: RESOURCE VALUATION IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION AMONG COMPETING USERS

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

COASTAL ALABAMA RECREATIONAL LIVE BAIT STUDY

Recreational fishing is major industry and reasonably priced, high quality bait plays an important role in sustaining recreational fishing's popularity. This study provides a summary of Alabama's coastal live bait market including information on previous live bait studies and results of two surveys on the live bait shrimp, bull minnow and other bait markets. Results indicated there were periods of supply shortages, dealer willingness to pay more for shrimp that live longer and a dealers' use of multiple supply sources. Lost income was reported from not having live bait shrimp available for sale at peak demand periods. The economics of shrimp mariculture needs to be examined to determine its feasibility in augmenting the current supply of shrimp to the live bait industry.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

SOCIOECONOMIC INFLUENCES ON LAND USE CHOICE AT WATERSHED LEVEL: A MULTINOMIAL LOGIT ANALYSIS OF LAND USE DISTRIBUTION IN WEST GEORGIA

Allocation of fixed proportion of land to developed, forest, agricultural and other land uses in a watershed was modeled as an optimization problem faced by a single user. A multinomial logit model was used to estimate the effects of urbanization, demographic structure, personal income and spatial distribution of watersheds.Land Economics/Use,

Perceptions of Infertility as a Barrier to Cervical Cancer Screening in Rural Botswana: A Qualitative Study

Background: Cervical cancer screening in Botswana and in particular the use of visual screening in rural areas has been on the rise in the past several years. Despite increased awareness and the introduction of less invasive methods of screening, qualitative data indicate that socio-cultural factors such as infertility related stigma, and beliefs about impaired fecundity affect overall efficacy of screening campaigns. Objective: This study sought to explore barriers to the utilization of cervical cancer screening in rural communities in northern Botswana. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted in this qualitative research study. All interviews were transcribed and coded both manually as well as with the use of MAXQDA software to elicit themes. Results: The respondents all had high awareness of the current visual screening with acetic acid (VIA) and the Pap smear tests but reported non-utilization of these tests when available due to concerns over potential fertility impairment. While awareness of cervical cancer was high, a relatively high lack of understanding and education about cervical cancer and its relation (or not) to fertility outcomes was reported. The major factors identified by women in this qualitative study included lack of desire to screen prior to childbearing, beliefs and fears about inevitability of cervical cancer and lack of treatment options, financial burdens, lack of familial support, geographic burdens and stigma/emotional barriers to results of screening. Conclusion: This study provides new data on the myriad reasons for women’s lack of participation in cervical cancer screening programs. These data suggest potential cultural barriers and fears of fertility related stigma that may impact the efficacy of ongoing cancer prevention strategies. Interventions that take social and gendered beliefs about fertility into account are needed to better implement future strategies for success

Global Health at the Local Level: Innovative Approaches for Preventing HIV/AIDS Among Adolescent Girls in Botswana with Evidence from an Evaluation Study on Perceptions of Cross Generational Sex and Edu-tainment Strategies

In Botswana, cross-generational sex (CGS) accounts for a disparity in incidence and prevalence rates of HIV infection between young men and women in the country. Ministry of Health quantitative data and ethnographic research indicate that almost one third of college-aged girls in urban cities had high-risk sex with a partner over ten years older in the past year. Described as “Mma 14s” (in the past this was often translated as “mothers at age 14” or “women at 14”) these girls are caught between cultural imperatives that emphasize the “traditional” and global consumption and goals of being a “modern” person. Rates of incidence and prevalence of HIV infection for young women of that age are considerably higher for women despite active education and awareness programs targeted toward the reduction of CGS. Increasingly, global health initiatives have placed emphasis on gender issues in the construction of efficacious, culturally competent prevention strategies but have yet to truly examine how local initiatives (and interpretations) of health messages can facilitate these goals in the twenty-first century. This chapter describes how a local initiative, Makgabaneng, a very popular, long-running radio serial drama, has helped to raise awareness and increase education across the country about CGS. The show, a product of grassroots development and culturally competent strategies, has helped empower young girls as well as community members in their efforts to ameliorate some of the disparities in HIV infection. This approach has had positive outcomes for girls living in urban contexts and from both low and high socio-economic back- grounds, indicating a shift in awareness that transcends assumptions about socioeconomic status (SES) and empowerment. In this chapter, I demonstrate how ethnographically-driven research at the local level helped to inform better strategies for intervention in what has come to be seen as an increasingly problematic aspect of the global epidemic. I suggest that a reconsideration of and reinvestment in more grassroots and culturally logical messages can help move this phase of HIV and AIDS prevention forward and have a positive impact beyond urban to more rural parts of Botswana

Care, Control, or Criminalization? Discourses on Homelessness and Social Responses

There has been a resurgence of political and media interest in homelessness, particularly in major urban areas throughout the United States. This interest is credited to a number of cities that declared a State of Emergency (SOE) due to their homelessness crisis in 2015. The motivation to declare homelessness as an urgent priority of local politics assists cities in temporarily overcoming longstanding budget and bureaucratic barriers. Undoubtedly, the criminal justice system is part of social response following a declared SOE, and homelessness is not an exception. Little attention has explored the historical, social, and political processes of problematizing homelessness from a criminological perspective. Drawing on theoretical insight from David Garland, Jonathan Simon, and Loïc Wacquant, the politics of homelessness and crime found in New York City (NYC) is interrogated through discourses in the New York Times (NYT) from 1970-2012. This research examines how talk about homelessness responses creates, enacts, and enforces technologies of the criminal justice system. This study finds the politicization of homelessness over time produces and legitimates increased controls and management of marginalized groups, where state authorities are experts, and the boundaries of care and criminalization are blurred. This study has implications for the management of homelessness and policies that further socially exclude the homeless from overcoming such conditions

An Investigation of the Socioeconomic Impacts of Tri-State Bypass, 1970-2000

Geographical information systems and econometric tools were used to determine the socioeconomic impacts of bypasses in Atlanta-Birmingham Metropolitan area. Mean household income and per capita income of county is separately used as a proxy for anticipated bypass impact as a function, of socioeconomic variables: farm income, farm employment, non-farm employment, age groups, and population density. The cross-sectional and the time series data were pooled together and estimated as panel data. Results indicate that most of these variables have positive impacts on growth.Public Economics,

Zapped: A Typology Of Use And Misuse Of The Taser

Police use of TASER force is currently a hot topic of controversy in the intersections of society and the criminal justice system. Proponents, including manufacturers and law enforcement, value the TASER as a less than lethal alternative to deadly force; providing increased safety for officers as an aid to maintain distance between potentially threatening suspect(s) and officer(s) while preserving the life and well being of suspects in such encounters. Civil and human rights advocacies argue the TASER to be associated with many deaths, serious injury and abuse of power by law enforcement. Those who lean more toward the opposition of the TASER argue it is being abused and misused by law enforcement, resulting in cases of excessive force and wrongful death. The controversy surrounding TASER use of force has received a great deal of media attention; fueling the fire on both sides of the TASER controversy. Manufacturers, law enforcement and other proponents often argue the level of force to be justified and in line with policy while opponents claim excessive force, and occasionally wrongful death, in association with identical cases being justified by police and their departments. It is apparent that much research is needed in this area to gain general knowledge in the reality of TASER use and misuse to positively influence TASER policy in departments across the U.S. Just as a wide array of terms are used to reference the TASER in literature and in the field (Taser, ECD, ECW, CED, etc.), it is a research endeavor to explore if the same ambiguity in terminology is reflective of the TASER practice and policy used in the U.S. criminal justice system. The purpose of this thesis study was to examine and identify police officer prescribed and proscribed TASER use of force. The study is a content analysis of secondary data collection that included articles collected from a National Police Misconduct Statistics and Reporting Project (NPMSRP) website, InjusticeEverywhere.com. Data were examined to identifying common prescribed and proscribed use of force themes in accordance to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling (Bryan v. MacPherson, 2010). This paper extends knowledge and understanding of current themes of prescribed and proscribed TASER use of force by law enforcement agencies. One-hundred thirteen cases were collected and supplemented with additional resources as they became available. This includes, and is not limited to, non-duplicated online news articles and available court case rulings pertaining to each subject/case. The research was used to create a typology of use of TASER force. The author is not determining the appropriateness of each use of TASER force instance; rather the author provided a contribution to the knowledge base and categorization guideline for future police departments, policy makers, etc. to analyze their own trending , which is strongly encouraged by PERF (Police Executive Research Forum, 2010). While it is important to explore TASER associated fatalities, health consequences, and potential risks with its use, it is also important for police organizations and researchers to conduct simultaneous research on use and misuse of the TASER to its near entirety. Continued evaluations of its use and misuse by law enforcement agencies will aid in evaluations of policy, training, education and practice

Stress and Resilience: The Social Context of Reproduction in Central Harlem

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136374/1/ae.2003.30.3.471.pd