New Teacher Survival and Development in a Neo-liberal World

This paper explores how new teachers can understand and develop their practice in pressurized working contexts. Performativity [4] and marketization agendas foster cultures of high stakes assessment at all levels: students, teachers and schools. Presentism [10] exists in several forms with immediacy and results being foregrounded over the consideration of longer-term perspectives on learning. These factors along with teacher shortages and high turnover [16] undermine more nuanced teacher development. This paper uses data from teachers undertaking a Masters module in their newly qualified teacher (NQT) year. It found in this case that carefully designed professional development with other teachers beyond their school can counter short termism and the negative aspects of performativity and presentism. That by foregrounding the situated experiences of teachers, a ‘way in’ is provided for new teachers to understand more fully the complexities, dilemmas and strategies encountered in their own and others’ professional practice. By thinking about and problematizing the complexities of their teaching; they are required to adopt an enquiry approach. They may be able to debate (with colleagues and students) about what alternatives might be usefully considered to the neoliberal model for education

Job Crafting and Identity in Low-Grade Work: How Hospital Porters Redefine the Value of their Work and Expertise

Over 25 years ago, Brown and Duguid (Organisation Science, 2(1), 40–57, 1991) highlighted the differences between the way organisations formally describe and delineate jobs and the actual practices of their employees. This paper combines ideas from their seminal contribution with theories of ‘job crafting’ and identity to examine the agentic behaviour of employees in low-grade, ‘dirty work’ as they utilise their expertise and practices to (re)frame their occupational identities and challenge their prescribed job boundaries. The evidence for the paper comes from a qualitative study of hospital porters in the UK’s National Health Service. It argues that this combined theoretical approach provides a potential research and employment framework to challenge the abstracted and stereotypical conceptions of the expertise related to low-grade jobs

The challenges facing young women in apprenticeships

Participation in government-supported apprenticeship programs in the UK is characterized by stereotypical gender imbalances . This chapter draws on secondary data analysis of official statistics on young people?s participation in vocational education and training (VET) and apprenticeship, and evidence from a study of the attitudes of 14- and 15-year-olds in England and Wales to the labor market . The discussion reveals the deep-rooted nature and continuing influence of gendered stereotypes in relation to what men and women can and cannot do in the world of work. This chapter argues that while patterns of take-up in apprenticeship mirror unequal conditions in the labor market and society more widely, initiatives in some European countries indicate that there are steps that can be taken to help young women gain access to occupations that provide better prospects in terms of pay and career progression

Applying an apprenticeship approach to HRD: Why the concepts of occupation, identity and the organisation of workplace learning still matter

Apprenticeship is probably not the first approach to human resource development (HRD) that many contemporary managers and trainers would naturally refer to or even consider using as they seek ways in which to build workforce capacity. It can be dismissed as an anachronism in the light of the emergent discourse about the so-called knowledge economy and knowledge workers, as well as calls for greater occupational boundary crossing and multi-disciplinary/multi-skilled approaches to work. Knowledge workers are presumed to enter the workplace fully formed, armed with theoretical knowledge and (possibly) some work experience from their university degrees. In contrast, apprenticeship is positioned within an initial vocational education and training (IVET) paradigm and as a journey towards intermediate level expertise. Hence, for some, apprenticeship is an institutional arrangement between the state, employers and (sometimes) trades unions to train young people. For others, apprenticeship has echoes of a medieval world of individual craftsmen (sic), such as carpenters, goldsmiths and stonemasons who earned a living from their skills and formed guilds to control entry into their craft

Radio Pulse Properties of the Millisecond Pulsar PSR J0437-4715. I. Observations at 20cm

We present a total of 48 minutes of observations of the nearby, bright millisecond pulsar PSR J0437-4715 taken at the Parkes radio observatory in Australia. The data were obtained at a central radio frequency of 1380 MHz using a high-speed tape recorder that permitted coherent Nyquist sampling of 50 MHz of bandwidth in each of two polarizations. Using the high time resolution available from this voltage recording technique, we have studied a variety of single-pulse properties, most for the first time in a millisecond pulsar. We find no evidence for "diffractive" quantization effects in the individual pulse arrival times or amplitudes as have been reported for this pulsar at lower radio frequency using coarser time resolution (Ables et al. 1997). Overall, we find that the single pulse properties of PSR J0437-4715 are similar to those of the common slow-rotating pulsars, even though this pulsar's magnetosphere and surface magnetic field are several orders of magnitude smaller than those of the general population. The pulsar radio emission mechanism must therefore be insensitive to these fundamental neutron star properties.Comment: 24 Postscript pages, 11 eps figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Abbreviated abstract follow

Nanoscale intermittent contact-scanning electrochemical microscopy

A major theme in scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a methodology for nanoscale imaging with distance control and positional feedback of the tip. We report the expansion of intermittent contact (IC)-SECM to the nanoscale, using disk-type Pt nanoelectrodes prepared using the laser-puller sealing method. The Pt was exposed using a focused ion beam milling procedure to cut the end of the electrode to a well-defined glass sheath radius, which could also be used to reshape the tips to reduce the size of the glass sheath. This produced nanoelectrodes that were slightly recessed, which was optimal for IC-SECM on the nanoscale, as it served to protect the active part of the tip. A combination of finite element method simulations, steady-state voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy for the measurement of critical dimensions, was used to estimate Pt recession depth. With this knowledge, the tip-substrate alignment could be further estimated by tip approach curve measurements. IC-SECM has been implemented by using a piezo-bender actuator for the detection of damping of the oscillation amplitude of the tip, when IC occurs, which was used as a tip-position feedback mechanism. The piezo-bender actuator improves significantly on the performance of our previous setup for IC-SECM, as the force acting on the sample due to the tip is greatly reduced, allowing studies with more delicate tips. The capability of IC-SECM is illustrated with studies of a model electrode (metal/glass) substrate

Space VLBI Observations of 3C 279 at 1.6 and 5 GHz

We present the first VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP) observations of the gamma-ray blazar 3C 279 at 1.6 and 5 GHz. The combination of the VSOP and VLBA-only images at these two frequencies maps the jet structure on scales from 1 to 100 mas. On small angular scales the structure is dominated by the quasar core and the bright secondary component `C4' located 3 milliarcseconds from the core (at this epoch). On larger angular scales the structure is dominated by a jet extending to the southwest, which at the largest scale seen in these images connects with the smallest scale structure seen in VLA images. We have exploited two of the main strengths of VSOP: the ability to obtain matched-resolution images to ground-based images at higher frequencies and the ability to measure high brightness temperatures. A spectral index map was made by combining the VSOP 1.6 GHz image with a matched-resolution VLBA-only image at 5 GHz from our VSOP observation on the following day. The spectral index map shows the core to have a highly inverted spectrum, with some areas having a spectral index approaching the limiting value for synchrotron self-absorbed radiation of 2.5. Gaussian model fits to the VSOP visibilities revealed high brightness temperatures (>10^{12} K) that are difficult to measure with ground-only arrays. An extensive error analysis was performed on the brightness temperature measurements. Most components did not have measurable brightness temperature upper limits, but lower limits were measured as high as 5x10^{12} K. This lower limit is significantly above both the nominal inverse Compton and equipartition brightness temperature limits. The derived Doppler factor, Lorentz factor, and angle to the line-of-sight in the case of the equipartition limit are at the upper end of the range of expected values for EGRET blazars.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, emulateapj.sty, To be published in The Astrophysical Journal, v537, Jul 1, 200