A SSNIP Test for Two-sided Markets: The Case of Media

I discuss the design and implementation of a SSNIP test in order to identify the relevant market in a media market. I argue that in such a two-sided market the traditional SSNIP test cannot be applied as it is usually conceived but rather should be modified in order to take into account indirect network externalities. I discuss the issues of which price the hypothetical monopolist should be thought of as raising, of whether we should look at profits changes on only one side or on both sides of the market and of which feedback among the two sides of the market we should take into account. I then derive the relevant formulas for Critical Loss Analysis. These look much uglier than in a single-sided market but in fact they are easy to calculate as they are still expressed in terms of elasticities and of current observed markups, prices and quantities. Data requirements are however higher as one needs to estimate the matrixes of the own and cross price elasticities of demand on the two-sides of the market and the matrixes of the network effects. The paper fills a gap in the economic literature, so much more as market definition in media markets is at the centre of many recent competition policy and regulation cases around the world

A SSNIP Test for Two-sided Markets: The Case of Media

I discuss the design and implementation of a SSNIP test in order to identify the relevant market in a media market. I argue that in such a two-sided market the traditional SSNIP test cannot be applied as it is usually conceived but rather should be modified in order to take into account indirect network externalities. I discuss the issues of which price the hypothetical monopolist should be thought of as raising, of whether we should look at profits changes on only one side or on both sides of the market and of which feedback among the two sides of the market we should take into account. I then derive the relevant formulas for Critical Loss Analysis. These look much uglier than in a single-sided market but in fact they are easy to calculate as they are still expressed in terms of elasticities and of current observed markups, prices and quantities. Data requirements are however higher as one needs to estimate the matrixes of the own and cross price elasticities of demand on the two-sides of the market and the matrixes of the network effects. The paper fills a gap in the economic literature, so much more as market definition in media markets is at the centre of many recent competition policy and regulation cases around the world

Authorship and copyright ownership in the digital oral archives domain: The Gra.fo digital archive in the CLARIN-IT repository

The paper addresses the problem of authorship and copyright ownership in relation to a digital oral archive created through the digitisation of several analogue archives. The case study is provided by the Gra.fo digital archive (Grammo-foni. Le soffitte della voce, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and the University of Siena, Tuscan Region PAR FAS 2007- 13), a collection of around 30 Tuscan oral archives which is in the process of being documented in the CLARIN-IT repository1. The problem is addressed from both an archival and a legal perspective, since speech and oral digital archives are at the crossroads of different fields of knowledge