Measurements of Nitrile Rubber Absorption of Hydrocarbons: Trends for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Compatibility

13-C-AJFE-UD-026, 035This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Please cite this article as: Measurements of Nitrile Rubber Absorption of Hydrocarbons: Trends for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Compatibility Conor Faulhaber, Christopher Borland, Randall Boehm, and Joshua Heyne Energy & Fuels 2023 37 (13), 9207-9219. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c00781he commercial aviation sector is seeking to reach net zero CO2 emissions by 2050, with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) being the most important lever. However, SAF is currently limited by ASTM specifications to a maximum of 50%v blending with conventional jet fuel. One reason for the current blend limit is motivation to maintain o-ring swelling consistent with 100% petroleum fuel. This work explores the relationships between o-ring swelling of SAF blend components, model compounds, and various blends in nitrile rubber compared to conventional fuel swelling. Specifically, optical dilatometry measurements were used to gather swell propensity data for 39 different hydrocarbon dopants at 8%v in an iso-alkane solution, 4 dopants at 7 different concentrations, and 19 different fuels or fuel blends. This study also highlights the advantages of using swell measurements, such as those employed here, as a quality control metric instead of the current 8%v aromatics requirement. Notably, the potential is shown to maintain swelling in the conventional fuel range with fuels composed of less than 8%v aromatics

Error Quantification of the Arrhenius Blending Rule for Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures

13-C-AJFE-UD-26This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Please cite this article as: Boehm RC, Hauck F, Yang Z, Wanstall CT and Heyne JS (2022), Error quantification of the Arrhenius blending rule for viscosity of hydrocarbon mixtures. Front. Energy Res. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.1074699Six hundred and seventy-five measurements of dynamic viscosity and density have been used to assess the prediction error of the Arrhenius blending rule for kinematic viscosity of hydrocarbon mixtures. Major trends within the data show that mixture complexity\u2013binary to hundreds of components\u2014and temperature are more important determinants of prediction error than differences in molecular size or hydrogen saturation between the components of the mixtures

Limits of Identification Using VUV Spectroscopy Applied to C8H18 Isomers Isolated by GC 7GC

13-C-AJFE-UD-026This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Please cite this article as: Bell DC, Feldhausen J, Spieles AJ, Boehm RC, Heyne JS. Limits of identification using VUV spectroscopy applied to C8H18 isomers isolated by GC 7GC. Talanta. 2023 Jun 1;258:124451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124451The vacuum ultraviolet detector for gas chromatography can be used to identify structural differences between isomers with similar chromatographic elution times, which adds detail to characterization, valuable for prescreening of sustainable aviation fuel candidates. Although this capability has been introduced elsewhere, vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy for saturated hydrocarbons has been examined minimally, as the similarities between their spectra are much less significant than their aromatic counterparts. The fidelity with which structural differences can be identified has been unclear. In this work, all possible structural isomers of C8H18 are measured and determined to have unambiguously unique vacuum ultraviolet spectra. Using a statistically based residual comparison approach, the concentration limits at which the spectral differences are interpretable are tested in both a controlled study and a real fuel application. The concentration limit at which the spectral differences between C8H18 isomers are unambiguous is below 0.40% by mass and less than 0.20% with human discretion in our experimental configuration

An Error Quantification of the Arrhenius Blending Rule for Viscosity of Hydrocarbon Mixtures [Supplemental Materials]

13-C-AJFE-UD-26All the viscosity and density data measured in support of this manuscript are provided within the \u201cdata\u201d tab of the attached document called HEAT_LAB_ViscosityData_2022 (XLSX). Expanded versions of Tables 1, 2 are provided in the other tab, \u201cMaterial_list\u201d. A definition of important terms used throughout the theory section is provided in Viscosity_molecular_level (DOCX)