11 research outputs found

    The Qualities of music teachers: towards a holistic view of the professional profile

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    En aquesta tesi s'identifiquen i s'examinen les qualitats del professorat de m煤sica des d'una perspectiva hol铆stica que inclou tant aspectes t猫cnics de la professi贸 com altres atributs de caire m茅s personal. Aquesta visi贸 integradora de les qualitats docents s'ha abordat per mitj脿 de la complementarietat d'un enfocament educatiu basat en compet猫ncies i una orientaci贸 human铆stica. La fonamentaci贸 te貌rica tracta dues tem脿tiques que han estat essencials al llarg del desenvolupament d'aquesta investigaci贸: per una banda, es revisen q眉estions espec铆fiques associades amb el professorat de m煤sica de prim脿ria i secund脿ria aportades per diferents autors i en diversos contextos i, per l'atra, s'hi tracten aspectes relacionats amb el concepte de qualitat docent i amb els enfocaments utilitzats per descriure aquest terme. La primera part d'aquesta fonamentaci贸, per tant, presenta les problem脿tiques i els reptes m茅s rellevants que afecten a aquests professionals en relaci贸 amb el seu grau de preparaci贸 musical i did脿ctico-pedag貌gica. En segon lloc, s'exposa la visi贸 de qualitat docent adoptada i s'examinen les contribucions que els enfocaments basat en compet猫ncies i human铆stic han aportat al prop貌sit d'aquest estudi. Les aportacions fonamentals d'aquesta tesi estan exposades en tres publicacions diferents. En el primer article s'identifiquen les compet猫ncies professionals que una mostra 脿mplia dels docents de m煤sica de prim脿ria i secund脿ria de Catalunya consideren necess脿ries per al desenvolupament satisfactori de la seva pr脿ctica professional. Per la seva banda, el segon i el tercer articles estan focalitzats en la dimensi贸 subjectiva dels docents i en les qualitats personals inherents a les pr脿ctiques professionals de l'autora i de quatre docents de m煤sica de secund脿ria -dos de Catalunya (Estat Espanyol) i dos de Queensland (Austr脿lia). Aquesta investigaci贸 utilitza un model mixt de recerca. En els diferents articles s'apliquen diferents m猫todes i t猫cniques de recollida de dades i d'an脿lisi, en funci贸 dels objectius a assolir. En el primer article s'exposa com l'煤s de q眉estionaris i de l'an脿lisi quantitativa de dades van permetre explorar les opinions del professorat de m煤sica en relaci贸 amb diferents aspectes de les esmentades compet猫ncies. En el segon i el tercer articles s'explica com les entrevistes semiestructurades, la co-construcci贸 de textos narratius i l'an脿lisi narrativa d'esdeveniments cr铆tics van fer possible examinar diversos aspectes relacionats amb les experi猫ncies professionals de les autores i dels quatre docents de m煤sica participants. Els resultats dels tres articles s贸n interrelacionats, proporcionant aix铆 una millor i m茅s aprofundida comprensi贸 del concepte de qualitat docent que ha sustentat el treball de recerca. Les aportacions m茅s rellevants d'aquesta tesi tenen a veure amb la concreci贸 de les qualitats del professorat de m煤sica des d'una perspectiva hol铆stica a trav茅s de la complementarietat dels enfocaments per compet猫ncies i human铆stic. Tamb茅 s'emfatitza en el paper fonamental que juga el desenvolupament professional dels docents per a l'exercici efica莽 de la seva professi贸 i es formulen propostes per a la millora de la seva formaci贸 i pr脿ctiques professionals.This dissertation identifies and examines the qualities of music teachers from a holistic perspective which includes both technical and personal aspects. This comprehensive view of the qualities of teachers has been approached by combining a competence-based approach with a humanistic orientation. The theoretical framework deals with two themes which have been essential for the development of this research: particular issues associated with primary and secondary music teachers provided by different authors in different contexts, and aspects related to the concept of teacher quality including the approaches used to describe this term. The first part of this framework therefore presents the most relevant tensions and challenges which affect these professionals in relation to their degree of preparation in the fields of Music and Pedagogy/Music Didactics. Secondly, the view of teacher quality adopted in this study is presented and the contributions of the competence-based and humanisitic approaches to the purpose of this study are examined. The main contributions of this dissertation are presented in three different publications. In the first article the competences that a large sample of Catalan primary and secondary school music teachers perceive as necessary to develop their professional practice to a satisfactory degree are identified. The second and third articles are focused on teachers' subjective dimensions and on some of the personal qualities inherent in the professional practices of the author in conjunction with four secondary music teachers - two from Catalonia (Spain) and two from Queensland (Australia). This investigation uses a mixed methods research model. Various quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques for data collection and analysis are applied in the different articles, depending on their objectives. The first article shows how the use of questionnaires and quantitative data analysis allowed an exploration of music teachers' opinions regarding competences. The second and third articles explain how semi-structured interviews, co-construction of narrative texts and narrative analysis of critical events made it possible to examine various issues related to the author and the four participating music teachers' professional experiences. The results from the three articles are interrelated, which provides a complex and nuanced understanding of the concept of teacher quality which was the aim of this research. The most relevant contribution of this dissertation is its identification of the qualities of music teachers from a holistic perspective through the complementarity of competence-based and humanistic approaches. Through this investigation the essential role of teacher professional development in contributing to teacher quality is emphasised and proposals for the improvement of music teacher training and professional activity are suggested

    La Ense帽anza de la m煤sica para personas con discapacidad visual : elaboraci贸n y evaluaci贸n de un m茅todo de guitarra

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    Esta investigaci贸n tuvo como finalidad la elaboraci贸n y evaluaci贸n de un material did谩ctico elemental para la ense帽anza de la guitarra. Se parti贸 de la hip贸tesis de que la musicograf铆a Braille posee caracter铆sticas espec铆ficas que hacen que las estrategias de ense帽anza y aprendizaje sean planteadas de una manera diferenciada con relaci贸n a la escritura musical tradicional. Las preguntas de la investigaci贸n se derivaron de la escasez de materiales relacionados con el tema. Por este motivo se hizo necesario plantear diversas cuestiones a fin de investigar las caracter铆sticas espec铆ficas de la musicograf铆a Braille y las estrategias utilizadas por los profesores en la ense帽anza de la musicograf铆a Braille. Se realiz贸 una exhaustiva revisi贸n de bibliograf铆a a fin de sistematizar y analizar las diferencias entre la musicograf铆a Braille y la escritura musical tradicional visual. Adem谩s, se abordaron temas directamente relacionados con el aprendizaje de la guitarra, del sistema Braille y de la musicograf铆a Braille. Para la elaboraci贸n del marco metodol贸gico, el autor ha seleccionado nueve variables las cuales sintetizan las principales caracter铆sticas de la musicograf铆a Braille que difieren de la escritura musical tradicional. Se utilizaron las variables para definir y establecer los criterios de elaboraci贸n y evaluaci贸n del material did谩ctico. Para la elaboraci贸n del material did谩ctico, se aplic贸 una encuesta a expertos a fin de determinar y comparar las estrategias de ense帽anza utilizadas por los participantes, as铆 como para verificar la validez de los procedimientos sugeridos por el autor. El an谩lisis de los datos se realiz贸 a partir de las nueve variables de la investigaci贸n. Los resultados obtenidos fueron utilizados para fundamentar la elaboraci贸n del material. La evaluaci贸n del material did谩ctico se realiz贸 mediante la aplicaci贸n de una encuesta con el objetivo de verificar la opini贸n de los participantes con relaci贸n a las estrategias y procedimientos. Los resultados obtenidos no significaron un cambio sustancial en la organizaci贸n del material, sin embargo la evaluaci贸n y las observaciones realizadas por los participantes fueron fundamentales para realizar mejoras en el material did谩ctico.This research intended to develop and evaluation of a didactic material for teaching elementary guitar. Its hypothesis is that the Braille music code has specific characteristics of teaching and learning strategies that are raised in a differentiated manner to traditional musical notation. The research questions were derived from the scarcity of materials related to the topic. For this reason it was necessary to raise different questions in order to research the specific characteristics of the Braille music code and strategies used by teachers in the teaching of the Braille music code. We conducted a comprehensive literature review in order to classify and analyze the differences between the Braille music code and the traditional music notation. In addition to that, topics directly related to learning guitar, learning Braille system and Braille music code were discussed. For the development of the methodological framework, the author selected nine variables which summarize the main features of the Braille music code that differ from traditional musical notation. Variables were used to define and establish the criteria for developing and evaluating the didactic material. For the elaboration of the didactic material, experts were surveyed to determine and compare the teaching strategies used by the participants and to verify the validity of the procedures suggested by the author. The data analysis was made from the nine research variables and the results were used to establish the base for the creation of the material. The evaluation of the teaching materials was performed by applying a survey to verify the participants opinions regarding the strategies and procedures used. The results did not represent a substantial change in the organization of the material, however the assessment and observations made by participants were fundamental for improvements in the didactic material

    El Profesorado de educaci贸n f铆sica ante la realidad multicultural : percepci贸n sobre el alumnado, intervenci贸n pedag贸gica y trayectoria profesional : un estudio de casos en educaci贸n primaria /

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    A la luz de los nuevos retos y problem谩ticas que ha desencadenado el progresivo incremento de la poblaci贸n escolar extranjera en la escuela primaria catalana, la escuela se reafirma como un marco privilegiado para favorecer su rol inclusivo, socializador y transformador de la realidad social. Del mismo modo, el papel del profesorado, concebido como el principal "agente de cambio" para la transformaci贸n colectiva (Baker, 1994; Chepyator-Thomson et al., 2000), adquiere una vital importancia a la hora de impulsar e instaurar los principios educativos interculturales que las esferas pol铆ticas y te贸ricas promulgan. Ante el vac铆o cient铆fico que existe sobre el interculturalismo y la Educaci贸n F铆sica [EF] (Choi & Chepyator-Thomson, 2011; Dagkas, 2007; Grimminger, 2011; Harrison & Belcher, 2006; L贸pez Pastor, 2012), conocer y analizar la manera en la que el profesorado de EF percibe y vivencia la realidad multicultural del alumnado cobra un especial inter茅s, ya que este colectivo tiene en sus manos una herramienta de gran potencial educativo para alcanzar los prop贸sitos interculturales en la escuela (Capllonch et al., 2007; L贸pez Ros, 2007; Ort铆, 2004; Soler, 2004). La presente tesis doctoral se focaliza en la pr谩ctica profesional del profesorado de EF que cuenta con m谩s de cinco a帽os de experiencia laboral en un centro p煤blico de educaci贸n primaria, donde el porcentaje de alumnado de origen extranjero matriculado supera el 50 %, para dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: a) 驴c贸mo percibe a su alumnado inmigrante?; b) 驴c贸mo es su intervenci贸n pedag贸gica en un aula multicultural?; y c) 驴c贸mo se ha desarrollado su trayectoria profesional en este contexto? Este trabajo se encuentra estructurado en cuatro partes, adem谩s de un apartado de introducci贸n, la bibliograf铆a y los anexos. La primera parte corresponde al estado de la cuesti贸n, y est谩 formado por cinco cap铆tulos sobre donde se profundiza en las siguientes tem谩ticas: la diversificaci贸n cultural de la sociedad y la escuela, y m谩s concretamente el estado de la escuela catalana; el rol del profesorado como agente reproductor y/o de cambio para la transformaci贸n; la acci贸n pedag贸gica del profesorado en una escuela multicultural, focaliz谩ndose la mirada en el papel del profesorado de EF; el estado de la formaci贸n acad茅mica del profesorado respecto a la atenci贸n a la diversidad cultural; y la EF como herramienta para educar hacia la interculturalidad. La segunda parte se destina al dise帽o te贸rico y metodol贸gico empleado. En base a la revisi贸n de la literatura, el objeto te贸rico se compone de un cat谩logo de tres dimensiones que a su vez se descomponen en diversas variables e indicadores m谩s espec铆ficos. Respecto al dise帽o metodol贸gico, la orientaci贸n interpretativa-cualitativa de la presente investigaci贸n se ha decantado por un estudio de casos m煤ltiple (12 casos). La entrevista semiestructurada y la observaci贸n no participante han sido las t茅cnicas empleadas para la recogida de informaci贸n. Para analizar los resultados, el an谩lisis de contenido se ha desarrollado con la ayuda del programa "Nudist Nvivo庐". En la tercera parte de la tesis se realiza la interpretaci贸n y an谩lisis de los resultados. Los ocho cap铆tulos de los que se compone se encuentran estructurados en base a las dimensiones y variables del estudio. La discusi贸n de los resultados y las conclusiones configuran la cuarta parte de la tesis. En cuanto a las conclusiones, desde este estudio se destacan: a) una tipificaci贸n te贸rica de los tres perfiles pedag贸gicos del profesorado de EF ante la diversidad cultural del alumnado ("sensible-inclusor", "rom谩ntico-asimilador" y "burnout-prejuicioso"); y b) un conjunto de orientaciones relevantes para la consolidaci贸n de una EF intercultural. En 煤ltimo lugar, en este cap铆tulo se resaltan las principales limitaciones de este estudio y las nuevas l铆neas de trabajo.In light of the new challenges and problems that have triggered the progressive increase of the foreign student population in Catalan primary education, schools are being reaffirmed as a privileged context to promote their inclusive and socialising role and their role as transformers of the social reality. Similarly, the role of the teaching staff, conceived as the main "agent of change" for collective transformation (Baker, 1994; Chepyator-Thomson et al., 2000), acquires vital importance when promoting and establishing the intercultural educational principles announced by the political and theoretical spheres. In view of the scientific void that exists about interculturalism and Physical Education (PE) (Choi & Chepyator-Thomson, 2011; Dagkas, 2007; Grimminger, 2011; Harrison & Belcher, 2006; L贸pez Pastor, 2012), knowing and analysing how PE teaching staff perceive and experience the multicultural reality of the students becomes particularly interesting, since this group holds a tool of great educational potential with which the intercultural proposals made in the school can be attained (Capllonch et al., 2007; L贸pez Ros, 2007; Ort铆, 2004; Soler, 2004). The present doctoral thesis focuses on the professional practice of PE teaching staff that have more than five years' professional experience in a public primary education centre, where the percentage of foreign students enrolled exceeds 50%, to respond to the following questions: a) how do they perceive their immigrant students?; b) what does their pedagogical intervention in a multicultural classroom involve?; and c) how has their professional trajectory developed in this context? This work is organised into four parts, in addition to an introduction, bibliography and appendices. The first part explains the status of the issue, and is composed of five chapters in which the following themes are explored: the cultural diversification of society and school, and more specifically, the status of Catalan schools; the role of the teaching staff as an agent reproducing traditions or an agent of change for transformation; the pedagogical activity of the teaching staff in a multicultural school, focusing in particular on the role of PE teaching staff; the status of the academic training of the teaching staff as regards cultural diversity; and PE as a tool to educate towards interculturality. The second part focuses on the theoretical and methodological design used. On the basis of the literature review, the theoretical object is composed of a catalogue of three dimensions which in turn are broken down into diverse more specific variables and indicators. As regards the methodological design, the interpretative-qualitative direction of the present research has developed into a multiple case study (12 cases). Semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation were the techniques used to collect information. To analyse the results, content analysis was performed with the help of the programme "Nudist Nvivo庐". In the third part of the thesis the results are interpreted and analysed. The eight chapters comprising the thesis are organised on the basis of the dimensions and variables of the study. The fourth part of the thesis consists of a discussion of the results and the conclusions. The most notable conclusions of this study are: a) a theoretical classification of the three pedagogical profiles of PE teaching staff in view of the cultural diversity of the students ("sensitive-inclusive", "romantic-assimilator" and "burnout-prejudiced"); and b) a number of relevant directions for the establishment of intercultural PE. Finally, in this chapter the main limitations of this study are highlighted, as well as new lines of research

    M煤siques del m贸n : an脿lisi d'una pr脿ctica did脿ctica innovadora a l'escola

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    En la recerca que plantegem, que s'emmarca en el camp de la did脿ctica de la m煤sica del m贸n, es dissenya, s'aplica i s'analitza una pr脿ctica did脿ctica innovadora que combina la m煤sica del m贸n i la metodologia dels projectes de treball. Les bases te貌riques que sustenten la recerca presenten un breu recorregut hist貌ric sobre la metodologia dels projectes de treball, assenyalen la seva entrada en el m贸n educatiu i esmenten algunes consideracions que cal tenir en compte per a la seva aplicaci贸 a l'aula. Tamb茅 fan refer猫ncia a la did脿ctica de la m煤sica del m贸n i als elements que la constitueixen. Finalment, aporten informaci贸 sobre la figura del culture bearer en relaci贸 amb l'ensenyament-aprenentatge de la m煤sica del m贸n, i sobre la contextualitzaci贸 musical com un aspecte que cal tenir en compte quan es tracta aquest tipus de m煤sica a l'aula. Aquesta fonamentaci贸 te貌rica tamb茅 ens porta a idear el binomi que presentem, que fa encaixar la m煤sica del m贸n i els projectes de treball, i ens fa constatar que la seva import脿ncia rau en el fet de trobar una metodologia d'ensenyament-aprenentatge que permeti relacionar la m煤sica del m贸n amb els aspectes socioculturals que l'envolten, per tal que pugui ser compresa. Aix铆 doncs, en aquesta recerca pretenem veure quina 茅s la idone茂tat d'aquest binomi, les seves particularitats, els seus elements rellevants, les caracter铆stiques que el fan distintiu i, per finalitzar, les seves aportacions en el camp de la did脿ctica de la m煤sica del m贸n. Per poder-ho aconseguir, la recerca es desenvolupa en dues etapes: la primera, pr猫via a l'aplicaci贸 de la pr脿ctica did脿ctica a l'escola, en la qual es dissenyen les bases que s'han de tenir en compte per portar-la a terme. I la segona, en la qual s'aplica, s'analitza i s'interpreta el desenvolupament de la pr脿ctica did脿ctica Per portar a terme la primera etapa de la recerca fem un estudi exploratori per determinar quins s贸n els aspectes clau i els condicionants que han de marcar el disseny de la pr脿ctica did脿ctica. Per portar a terme la segona, apliquem la pr脿ctica did脿ctica amb alumnes de 6猫 de prim脿ria de dues escoles p煤bliques de la ciutat de Barcelona, amb caracter铆stiques diferents. Tot seguit fem una an脿lisi descriptiva-narrativa de les dues experi猫ncies, la qual ens aporta una visi贸 global de la pr脿ctica did脿ctica i ens deixa veure com s'interrelacionen i es connecten els seus elements. M茅s enll脿 de la descripci贸, obrim una segona an脿lisi m茅s profunda nom茅s per a aquells aspectes que detectem que s贸n rellevants i caracter铆stics de la pr脿ctica did脿ctica. L'an脿lisi dels resultats ens porta, finalment, a les conclusions de la recerca les quals ens permeten concretar que els projectes de treball s贸n una metodologia id貌nia per tractar la m煤sica del m贸n a l'aula, que la pr脿ctica did脿ctica actua com a model per a futures aplicacions de la m煤sica del m贸n i que la pr脿ctica musical pr猫via, la visita d'un culture bearer i la contextualitzaci贸 musical, entre d'altres, s贸n elements indispensables per a la seva convenient aplicaci贸 i, alhora, les particularitats que la defineixen. Amb tot, gr脿cies a la pr脿ctica did脿ctica que plantegem la m煤sica es connecta amb d'altres 脿rees d'aprenentatge i pren una altra dimensi贸 a l'escola, aportant noves experi猫ncies als mestres i un aprenentatge competencial i en valors als alumnes.In the suggested research, placed in the field of world music pedagogy, it is designed, performed and analysed an innovative practice teaching which combines the world music and the project method methodology. The theoretical basis supporting the research present a brief historical overview through the project method methodology, point out its entry in the world of education and mention some considerations to be taken into account for its implementation in the class. They also refer to the world music pedagogy and the elements from which it is formed. Finally, they provide information about the culture bearer figure in relation to the teaching-learning of the world music, and about the musical contextualization as an aspect to take into consideration when dealing with this type of music in the class. Such theoretical basis also leads us to conceive the binomial presented, which enables to match the world music and the project method, and leads us to state that its importance relies on the fact of finding a teaching-learning methodology which enables to connect the world music with the socio-cultural aspects surrounding it, in order to be understood. Thus, in this research we intend to observe which is the suitability of such binomial, its peculiarities and its relevant aspects, the distinguishing characteristics and, to end with, its contributions to the field of world music pedagogy. To achieve this aim, the research takes place in two stages: the first one, prior to the application of the practical pedagogy in the school, in which are designed the basis that need to be taken into account in order to put it into practice. The second one, in which it is applied, analysed and interpreted the development of the teaching practice. In order to carry out the first stage of the research, we do an exploratory study to define the key aspects and the conditioning elements that must determine the teaching practice design. To accomplish the second stage, we apply the teaching practice with 6th grade Primary students from two state schools in the city of Barcelona, with different characteristics. After that, we do a descriptive-narrative analysis of the two experiences, which provides us with an overview of the didactic practice and allows us to see how their elements interrelate and get connected. Beyond such description, we develop a second deeper analysis only for those aspects considered outstanding and characteristic from the didactic practice. The analysis of the results leads us, finally, to the conclusions of the research that enable to concrete that the project methods are a suitable methodology to deal with the world music in the class, that the teaching practice serves as a model for future implementations of the world music and that the previous musical practice, the visit of a culture bearer and the musical contextualization, among others, are essential elements for its proper application and, at the same time, for the particularities that define it. Yet, thanks to the didactic practice proposed, the musical gets connected to other learning subjects and takes another dimension in the school, providing new experiences to the teachers and education in competence and values to the students

    El Canvi de registre en la veu cantada i les accions teatrals : un estudi exploratori

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    El tema central de la nostra investigaci贸 茅s el canvi de registre de M1 (veu de pit) a M2 (veu de cap) de la veu cantada de les dones i, m茅s concretament, de les actrius cantants. Aquesta recerca 茅s un treball exploratori per indagar, con猫ixer i analitzar, des de la perspectiva de la pr貌pia experi猫ncia, com les actrius cantants gestionen el seu canvi de registre en portar a terme accions teatrals i com l'aborden des de la doc猫ncia. Aix铆 doncs, la nostra investigaci贸 treu dades del comportament vocal, per貌 en les situacions reals que es creen dins d'un context art铆stic, per poder analitzar el postergament del canvi de registre de M1 a M2 quan es porten a terme accions teatrals.The main subject of our research is the change of vocal register from M1 (chest voice) to M2 (head voice) in the female singing voices, more specifically, in singer-actresses. This study is an exploration work whose aim is to investigate, understand and analyse, from a perspective of the own experience, how singer-actresses manage their change of register when performing theatrical actions and how they approach it in teaching. Thus, our research takes data out of the vocal behavior, but in real situations created within an artistic context, in order to analyse the postponement of the register change from M1 to M2 when performing theatrical actions

    M煤sica tradicional en el aula : las bandas de bronces de Tarapac谩 y sus aportaciones a la educaci贸n musical escolar : dise帽o, implementaci贸n y evaluaci贸n de una propuesta para trabajar en el aula /

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    Departament responsable de la tesi: Departament de Did脿ctica de l'Expressi贸 Musical, Pl脿stica i Corporal.Esta investigaci贸n comprende a la educaci贸n musical como una disciplina esencialmente interdisciplinar y, de esta forma, la convierte en una aportaci贸n para el desarrollo humano de forma integral. Para este fin, la utilizaci贸n de recursos provenientes de la m煤sica tradicional hace de la experiencia de aprendizaje un momento enriquecedor y significativo para los participantes del proceso. A pesar de que estas m煤sicas se encuentran muy arraigadas en la cultura popular, la presencia de estas es casi invisible en el curriculum para la educaci贸n formal a trav茅s del Ministerio de Educaci贸n, no ha sido considerado su tratamiento de forma sistem谩tica ni tampoco los beneficios que desde su pr谩ctica se pueden obtener. Considerando esta problem谩tica, la presente investigaci贸n consiste en el dise帽o, la implementaci贸n y la evaluaci贸n de una propuesta did谩ctica para el aula de m煤sica de sexto a帽o b谩sico en 4 colegios de Chile. Para este fin, se utilizaron como base y materia prima las m煤sicas de las bandas de bronces de la regi贸n de Tarapac谩 y el contexto en el que estas se desarrollan. El dise帽o de la investigaci贸n cont贸 con tres etapas: la primera, la etapa preactiva, consisti贸 en dos periodos de etnograf铆a, donde se hizo un estudio en profundidad de las bandas de bronces, sus m煤sicas y los contextos socioculturales en las que estas se desenvuelven. Por otra parte, se estudi贸 y se tom贸 conocimiento sobre la situaci贸n actual con respecto a la presencia de las m煤sicas tradicionales en el nivel de sexto a帽o b谩sico. La segunda etapa, la etapa activa, consisti贸 en el dise帽o e implementaci贸n de una propuesta did谩ctica para sexto a帽o b谩sico, utilizando una selecci贸n de m煤sicas y pr谩cticas culturales observadas en el entorno en que se desenvuelven y desarrollan las bandas de bronces. Se seleccionaron 4 colegios 3 de la regi贸n de Tarapac谩 y uno de la regi贸n de Los Lagos y participaron un total 117 estudiantes y 4 profesores, 3 de los cuales ten铆an titulaci贸n en educaci贸n musical y uno en educaci贸n b谩sica. La implementaci贸n cont贸 con un total de 8 sesiones distribuidas a lo largo de dos meses de trabajo. Finalmente, la tercera etapa, la etapa postactiva, consisti贸 en el an谩lisis de la implementaci贸n did谩ctica, basada en la utilizaci贸n de tres instrumentos de recolecci贸n de la informaci贸n. En primer lugar, se desarroll贸 una observaci贸n de clases. El segundo instrumento, consisti贸 en la realizaci贸n de entrevistas a los docentes colaboradores con la investigaci贸n. Por 煤ltimo, el tercer instrumento que se utiliz贸 fueron pautas de evaluaci贸n de sesiones. Entre los principales hallazgos de este estudio, se destaca la necesidad de incluir a las m煤sicas tradicionales en el aula, no tan solo por su valor musical, sino, adem谩s, porque permiten reconocer elementos culturales interdisciplinares que no est谩n incluidos y valorados por el sistema de educaci贸n formal. Los resultados finales y el car谩cter innovador que tuvo esta investigaci贸n pusieron de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar las pr谩cticas de tratamiento de estas m煤sicas en el aula. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se destacan la inclusi贸n de elementos significativos para el aprendizaje en la educaci贸n musical tales como la presencia de un cultor en el aula, la m煤sica como un elemento dispuesto para la reflexi贸n colectiva y la necesidad de abordar estas m煤sicas tal y como se dan en sus contextos, incluyendo la danza como un elemento central para su desarrollo.This research assumes the music education as an essentially interdisciplinary discipline, and, in this way, it turns on a contribution to human development in an integral way. For this end, the use of resources that come from traditional music makes of the learning experience an enriching and meaningful moment for the participants of the process. Despite the fact that popular culture is rooted in the population, the presence of this music is almost invisible in the study programs of the Ministry of Education because its systematic treatment and the potential benefits that can be obtained from its practice are not considered. Considering this problem, the present research consists in the design, the implementation and the evaluation of a didactic proposal for the sixth grade music classroom in 4 schools in Chile. For this, the music of the bronze bands of the Tarapac谩 region and the context in which they are developed, were used as a base and raw material. The design of the research had three stages: the first, the pre-active stage, consisted of two periods of ethnography, where an in-depth study was made of the brass bands, their music and the socio-cultural contexts in which they unfold. On the other hand, the current situation regarding the presence of traditional music at the sixth grade level was studied and learned. The second stage, the active stage, consisted in the design and implementation of a didactic proposal for the sixth basic year, using a selection of musics and cultural practices observed in the environment where bronze bands are unfold and developed. Four schools 3 from the Tarapac谩 region and one from the Los Lagos region were selected and a total of 117 students and 4 teachers participated, 3 of whom had a degree in music education and one in basic education. The implementation had a total of 8 sessions distributed over two months of work. Finally, the third stage, the post-active stage, consisted in the analysis of the didactic implementation, based on the use of three instruments for gathering information. First, a class observation was developed. The second instrument involved conducting interviews with teachers collaborating with the research. Finally, the third instrument consisted of session evaluation guidelines. Among the results obtained, are the inclusion of significant elements for learning in music education such as the presence of a culture bearer in the classroom, music as an element for collective reflection and the need to address these musics as they are given in their contexts, including dance as a central element for their development. the main findings of this study, the need to include traditional music in the classroom is highlighted, not only because of its musical value, but also because it allows recognizing interdisciplinary cultural elements that are not included and valued by the formal education system. The final results and the innovative nature of this research showed the need to improve the practices of treating these musics in the classroom

    Les Estrat猫gies d'aprenentatge en un context de composici贸 musical col路lectiva en infants de 7 i 8 anys

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    Departament responsable de la tesi: Departament de Did脿ctica de l'Expressi贸 Musical, Pl脿stica i CorporalHist貌ricament, pel conjunt de variables que entren en joc en els mecanismes d'ensenyament i aprenentatge, la definici贸 i categoritzaci贸 del concepte d'estrat猫gia ha esdevingut en s铆 mateixa un motiu de discussi贸 te貌rica abordat per un gran nombre de mat猫ries i d'enfocaments. Durant els anys 90, va haver-hi una intensificaci贸 de les aportacions i, des de la psicologia cognitiva i la perspectiva socioconstructivista, es va assumir la import脿ncia sobre les representacions mentals de la realitat, les quals trobaven l'origen, desenvolupament i sentit social als materials, eines i operacions utilitzats en la construcci贸 del coneixement. A partir d'aquest corpus, sorgeix l'inter猫s d'estudiar, a l'aula de m煤sica, les relacions entre la representaci贸 i el context, i la tria d'estrat猫gies durant un proc茅s d'aprenentatge obert i complex com 茅s la composici贸 musical col路lectiva. Aquesta recerca es contextualitza en una Escola de M煤sica de Barcelona, a l'assignatura de Llenguatge musical amb infants de 7 i 8 anys, i t茅 com a finalitat con猫ixer quines s贸n les estrat猫gies d'aprenentatge implicades en un context de composici贸 col路lectiva que fan possible el progr茅s en termes d'autonomia i expertesa de l'alumnat. Per a tal fi, es dissenya i s'implementa una intervenci贸 did脿ctica de 13 sessions d'1h aproximadament, de la qual s'estudia en profunditat el proc茅s de composici贸 col路lectiva, de 4 sessions. La realitat d'estudi 茅s concebuda com un estudi de cas on el grup classe 茅s un tot, amb unes an脿lisis espec铆fiques de cada participant a l'煤ltima fase d'an脿lisi. S'utilitza la perspectiva d'investigaci贸-acci贸 atesa la condici贸 de la investigadora, que 茅s alhora docent d'aquest grup. La construcci贸 de coneixement a partir de les an脿lisis es realitza a mitjan莽ant una categoritzaci贸 emergent sistem脿tica de les dades del treball de camp -basada en la teoria fonamentada-, aix铆 com unes entrevistes semiestructurades al final de la intervenci贸. Concretament, s'analitza del discurs d'aula (actes de parla, produccions musicals i comportaments dels infants), que queda recollit en els enregistraments, entrevistes i el diari de camp. Com a resultats de la recerca es constata l'exist猫ncia, 煤s i desenvolupament d'unes estrat猫gies per a l'aprenentatge en un context de composici贸 musical col路lectiva amb infants. S'evidencien fins a vuit funcions d'estrat猫gies (adaptar-se, repetir, explorar, recordar, variar, expressar, relacionar, entendre-explicar-se) que permeten l'aven莽 cap a un aprenentatge global i significatiu. S'aporten i es classifiquen uns indicadors d'an脿lisi i valoraci贸 que engloben accions, idees i produccions sonores que caracteritzen el proc茅s creatiu de l'alumnat estudiat. Es defineix l'aven莽 d'aquests infants cap a l'autonomia i l'expertesa en relaci贸 als cinc nivells d'usos d'estrat猫gies tipificats, on el nivell de transici贸 cap a l'expertesa es considera clau en l'aprenentatge dins el proc茅s de composici贸. Tamb茅 es corrobora com a decisiu per a l'aven莽 en l'autonomia i l'expertesa del grup la influ猫ncia de la participaci贸 docent en la funci贸 del guiatge docent. Tots aquests resultats tenen implicacions en la praxis educativa per a la millora de l'ensenyament-aprenentatge del proc茅s compositiu musical.Historically, defining learning strategies, as a matter of theory, has been a complex issue for the complexity of operations involved in learning and teaching processes. During the '90, there was a large number of theoretical contributions mostly from cognitive psychology and sociocontructivism perspectives, that assumed that mental representations of the reality started with tools, materials and social meanings and operations through which the knowledge is built. Having this corpus in mind, it results the interest of study the relations between the representation and context, and the selection of strategies in an open and complex process such as collective music composition. This research is contextualised in a Music School in Barcelona, in the solfa (Music Language) subject for children aged 7 and 8. Its aim is to know which strategies are involved in a collective music composition that makes the progress possible in terms of autonomy and expertise. For this purpose 13h-颅-didactic intervention was designed and developed. This is a case study where the group class is conceived as a whole, although there are specific analyses for each participant at the end of the analysis chapter. The methodological approach is the action-颅-research, assuming the condition of being teacher and researcher at the same time. The knowledge emerged though a systematic categorisation of the classroom discourse inspired by the Grounded theory. The data was taken from recordings in the class, interviews and field notes. As results of this work, the existence, use and development of learning strategies for a collective music composition were confirm. There were found eight functions of strategies (adaptation, repetition, exploration, memorising, varying, expressing, relating and understand/express oneself) that allow the progress to a holistic and meaningful learning. Some indicators for the analysis and value were brought to light that include actions, ideas and sound productions that define the children's creative process. The progress to the autonomy and expertise is defined related to five levels of uses of strategies, where the "transition" level to the expertise seems to be crucial in the composition process. Another point appears as crucial in the progress to pupils' autonomy and expertise that is the influence of the guiding teacher. All these results may have consequences in the educational praxis, in particular for the improvement of the teaching and learning during the music composition process

    L'IPAD a l'脿rea de m煤sica : disseny, aplicaci贸 i an脿lisi d'una proposta did脿ctica a l'educaci贸 prim脿ria /

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    La tecnologia digital ha redibuixat la manera de conviure i d'entendre el m贸n. S'ha instaurat en el dia a dia de la majoria de llars per貌, segons les darreres investigacions, l'escola tot just s'inicia en l'adopci贸 de nous models aprofitant els recursos que ofereixen les eines digitals. La seg眉ent investigaci贸 dissenya i aplica una proposta did脿ctica amb tauletes t脿ctils (iPad) a l'脿rea de m煤sica amb l'objectiu d'observar i analitzar quines implicacions t茅 en el proc茅s did脿ctic l'adopci贸 de dispositius m貌bils a l'educaci贸 musical prim脿ria. A trav茅s de l'an脿lisi i categoritzaci贸 de m茅s de 150 aplicacions m貌bils musicals, la selecci贸 i utilitzaci贸 de les millors valorades en una proposta did脿ctica amb iPads amb alumnes de quart curs d'educaci贸 prim脿ria, aix铆 com de les dades obtingudes d'un grup de discussi贸 amb especialistes de m煤sica, s'han pogut extreure unes pautes que serveixin de guia, a escoles i professorat, per implementar les tauletes t脿ctils a l'educaci贸 musical. Els resultats obtinguts fan 猫mfasi en el nou rol del professorat: una persona amb gran capacitat d'adaptaci贸 i gesti贸 de diferents recursos, amb inter猫s per investigar i aprendre juntament amb els alumnes. S贸n ells els veritables protagonistes d'un aprenentatge m茅s motivador basat en l'experimentaci贸 i la creaci贸 musical, aspectes que es potencien amb els recursos multim猫dia que ofereixen les tauletes t脿ctils juntament amb l'autoaprenentatge i l'obertura de l'adquisici贸 de coneixements fora de l'aula.Digital technology has reinvented the way we understand the world and coexist in it. While digital tools are part of the everyday life of most homes, schools have neither yet adapted to the news models, nor taken full advantage of the resources that these new tools offer us. The following research designs and applies an educational proposal which introduces digital tablets (iPads) in the subject of Music. The aim of the proposal is to analyze the implications that using mobile devices in the subject of music in Primary Education may have in in the learning process. The analysis and categorization of more than 150 music apps, the selection and implementation of an educational proposal teaching students in Year 4 with iPads, as well as a debate group specialized in Music have led to the establishment of guidelines that advise teachers on the introduction of iPads in the area of Music Education. The results highlight the new role of the teacher, a person with great capacity to adapt and manage different resources with interest to research and learn along with the students, who become the real centre of a more motivating learning process based on experimentation and musical creation, which are aspects that are enhanced thanks to the potential and resources that multimedia tablets offer, alongside with both self-training and learning outside the classroom

    La m煤sica a la vida quotidiana d'infants de dos anys. An脿lisi de situacions musicals que es desenvolupen en context escolar

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    Aquesta recerca est脿 contextualitzada en un projecte d'innovaci贸 i formaci贸 del professorat que el grup REMIS 0-3 porta a terme a la Xarxa d'escoles bressol municipals (EBM) de Matar贸, Barcelona, durant els cursos 2006/09. En el seu tercer any d'aplicaci贸 es pren una de les escoles -l'EBM Elna- com a centre pilot amb l'objectiu d'estudiar la pres猫ncia de la m煤sica a la vida quotidiana dels nens i nenes. Fruit de la conviv猫ncia de la investigadora en aquest context, emergeix aquesta recerca. La finalitat 茅s la identificaci贸 i an脿lisi de situacions musicals que es desenvolupen en un grup d'infants de dos anys d'edat. Se segueix un paradigma qualitatiu i un enfocament plurimet貌dic emprant l'observaci贸 participant. La metodologia de recerca 茅s doncs contextualitzada, recull les dades dels fets reals que succeeixen en un grup de 13 infants i la seva mestra mitjan莽ant enregistraments en v铆deo, el diari de camp de la investigadora, i entrevistes i informes diaris intercanviats amb la mestra. L'an脿lisi 茅s emergent de les dades i s'organitza en dues perspectives que ens permeten saber, d'una banda, qu猫 succeeix al llarg d'una jornada i, d'altra banda, com una activitat es desenvolupa al llarg del per铆ode d'observaci贸. Com a resultat de la recerca corroborem l'alt grau de musicalitat dels infants de les primeres edats en un context on la m煤sica est脿 present en les seves vides de manera accessible i partint de diferents fonts. Es delimiten cinc contextos d'activitat musical -can莽贸, dita/poema, obra musical, sons originals i sons quotidians. S'evidencia tamb茅 com les diferents formes de participaci贸 dels infants, en qu猫 un factor important 茅s l'ajuda proporcionada o no per membres experts del grup, s贸n decisives a l'hora d'identificar les situacions musicals en qu猫 estan involucrats. Es constata tamb茅 com els components musicals dels jocs de falda desenvolupen la funci贸 d'indicadors d'aprenentatges. El seu tractament flexible i el脿stic per part dels adults fa que considerem aquests jocs dins de les situacions 貌ptimes per a l'aprenentatge i que els potenciem com a eines imprescindibles de l'educaci贸 musical en les primeres edats. Les conclusions d'aquest estudi tenen implicacions evidents en la formaci贸 de professorat i en la planificaci贸 de la mat猫ria de m煤sica a les escoles infantils.This research is part of a teacher training and innovation project that the group REMIS 0-3 carried out in the nurseries network in Matar贸, Barcelona, from 2006 to 2009. In its third year of implementation we took one of these nurseries as a pilot centre with the aim of studying the presence of music in the children's daily lives. As a result of the researcher's participation in this context emerged the present study. Its goal is the identification and analysis of musical situations that develop in a group of two-year-old children. We used a qualitative paradigm and a mixed methods approach carrying out participant observation. The research methodology is contextualised, it collects the data from real events that took place in a group of 13 children and their teacher by means of video recordings, the researcher's field journal, daily reports exchanged with the teacher and interviews with her. The analysis emerged from the data and was organised into two approaches that reveal, on the one hand, what happened during the course of a day, and on the other hand, how an activity developed during the period of observation. As a result of this research we can verify the high level of musicality in young children in a context where music is present and easily accessible and comes from different sources. We identified five musical settings -song, rhyme/poem, piece of music, original sounds and everyday sounds. The study also emphasises how the different forms of children's participation, where expert members assistance (if any) is an important factor, are decisive to identify the musical situations in which children are engaged. We also assert how the musical components of lap games play the role of learning indicators. The flexible and elastic way adults use them lead us to consider these games as optimal learning situations and to foster them as essential tools in early childhood music education. The conclusions of this research have evident implications in teacher-training programmes and in planning the music area in nursery schools

    L'assoliment de les compet猫ncies b脿siques en alumnes de Centres integrats de prim脿ria i m煤sica Construcci贸 i aplicaci贸 d'un instrument d'avaluaci贸 de les compet猫ncies b脿siques i an脿lisi comparativa dels resultats obtinguts en alumnes de sis猫 de prim脿ria de centres integrats de m煤sica i d'un grup control

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    Aquesta recerca s'emmarca dins el corrent pedag貌gic que defensa la inclusi贸 de la m煤sica com a element fonamental del curr铆culum escolar. Es parteix de la hip貌tesi que la m煤sica integrada en l'educaci贸 prim脿ria pot repercutir favorablement en l'adquisici贸 de les compet猫ncies b脿siques d'aquesta etapa. S'ha constru茂t un instrument d'avaluaci贸 de les vuit compet猫ncies b脿siques, s'ha validat i fiabilitzat i se n'ha fet seguiment. Amb aquest instrument s'ha avaluat tot l'alumnat de Catalunya de sis猫 de centres integrats de prim脿ria i m煤sica del curs 2010-2011 i un grup control, comparant els resultats obtinguts tant en l'assoliment del conjunt de les compet猫ncies b脿siques com de cadascuna: la compet猫ncia ling眉铆stica i audiovisual, la compet猫ncia art铆stica i cultural, la compet猫ncia sobre el tractament de la informaci贸 i la compet猫ncia digital, la compet猫ncia matem脿tica, la compet猫ncia d'aprendre a aprendre, la compet猫ncia d'autonomia i iniciativa personal, la compet猫ncia en el coneixement i la interacci贸 amb el m贸n f铆sic i la compet猫ncia social i ciutadana. Els resultats d'aquesta recerca ens indiquen que, malgrat que als centres integrats de m煤sica i prim脿ria es fa el m铆nim d'hores marcades per la llei en totes les 脿rees curriculars excepte en l'art铆stica, aquest alumnat mostra un assoliment m茅s bo de les compet猫ncies b脿siques.Esta investigaci贸n se enmarca en la corriente psicol贸gica que defiende la inclusi贸n de la m煤sica como elemento fundamental del curr铆culum escolar. Se parte de la hip贸tesis que la m煤sica integrada en la educaci贸n primaria puede repercutir favorablemente en la adquisici贸n de las competencias b谩sicas en esta etapa. Se ha construido un instrumento de evaluaci贸n de las ocho competencias b谩sicas, se ha validado y flexibilizado y se ha llevado a cabo su pilotaje. Con este instrumento se ha evaluado todo el alumnado de sexto de Catalunya que pertenece a centros integrados de primaria y m煤sica del curso 2010-2011 as铆 como un grupo de control y se han comparado los resultados obtenidos tanto en lo que se refiere a la obtenci贸n del conjunto de competencias b谩sicas como de cada una de ellas: competencia ling眉铆stica y audiovisual, competencia art铆stica y cultural, competencia sobre el manejo de la informaci贸n y la competencia digital, competencia matem谩tica, competencia de aprender a aprender, competencia en autonom铆a e iniciativa personal, competencia en el conocimiento y la interacci贸n con el mudo f铆sico y competencia social y ciudadana. Los resultados de esta investigaci贸n nos indican que, a pesar que en los centros integrados de m煤sica y primaria se imparte el m铆nimo de horas marcadas por la ley en todas las 谩reas curriculares excepto en la art铆stica, este alumnado muestra una obtenci贸n m谩s alto de las competencias b谩sicas.This research draws on the pedagogical theory that defends the incorporation of music as a fundamental part of the school curriculum. It starts from the hypothesis that music integrated into primary education can have a favourable impact on the acquisition of basic competences at this stage. An instrument for the evaluation of eight basic competences was developed, validated and tested for its reliability, and follow-up was carried out. This instrument was used to evaluate, on the one hand, all those 11 to 12-year-old pupils in Catalonia attending schools integrating primary and music education during the 2010-11 academic year and, on the other hand, a control group, comparing both the global results obtained in attaining core competences and the results specific to each one: in the fields of language and audiovisual competence, artistic and cultural competence, information processing and computer competence, mathematics competence, learning-to-learn competence, competence in the areas of autonomy and individual initiative, competence in the knowledge of and interaction with the physical world, and social and civic competence. The results of this research show that in schools integrating primary and music education - which fulfil the minimum requirements stipulated by the education regulations in all subject areas except the arts - the pupils attain a greater mastery of basic competences
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