Review of maritime transport, 1972-1973

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Report of the ESCAP/UNCTAD workshops on multimodal transport

Within the programme for the joint organization of a series of ESCAP/UNCTAD Workshops on Multimodal Transport, which began in 1988, the following workshops were organized by the ESCAP Transport and Communications Division with the financial assistance of the Government of Norway: Country-level – Jakarta, Indonesia (1-4 June 1988) Subregional – Penang, Malaysia (6-10 June 1988) Subregional – Bangkok, Thailand (17-21 October 1988) Country-level – Manila, Philippines (24-28 October 1988) Country-level – Madras, India (2-6 May 1989) Country-level – Bombay, India (16-19 October 1989) Subregional – Karachi, Pakistan (16-20 December 1989) Country-level – Lahore, Pakistan (5-9 May 1990) Country-level – Calcutta, India (14-18 May 1990) The workshops were attended by high-ranking officials and participants from both the government and private sectors who were involved in or interested in the new concept of multimodal transport. The workshops aimed to raise awareness of the benefits that could accrue to countries that adopted and introduced the multimodal transport concept. At the same time, they addressed the requirements for implementing this concept and the potential challenges that could arise. The objectives of the workshops were successfully achieved. The success of the workshops would not have been possible without appropriate logistical support and physical arrangements. In this regard, the ESCAP secretariat received full cooperation from all parties involved. For the 1990 workshops, assistance was received from: Pakistan Shippers' Council Lahore Chamber of Commerce Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry Eastern India Shippers' Association Calcutta Clearing Agents' Association All India Shippers' Council Government of Pakistan Government of IndiaGovernment of NorwayCONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION........................................ 1 A. Organization of the Workshops.... .............. 1 B. Attendance..................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES............................. 3 III. METHODOLOGY/PRESENTATION............................ 6 IV. EVALUATION.......................................... 6 V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................... 7 VI. ASSESSMENT OF REQUIREMENTS.......................... 7 Annexes I. Lists of participants II. Programmes of the Workshops III. Plans of actio

Trade regulations for climate action : new insights from the global non-tariff measures database

This report examines the use of trade-related regulations, known as non-tariff measures (NTMs), in support of domestic and international climate change mitigation efforts. The analysis can help policymakers and other stakeholders better understand the linkages between trade and climate policies and make more informed decisions to use trade as a driver for climate action. NTMs cover a wide array of policy tools which can be directly linked to climate action or be imposed primarily for safety, health and broader environmental protection purposes. UNCTAD and UN ESCAP developed a methodology that identified 2&rsquo;366 climate change-related NTMs in UNCTAD&rsquo;s Trade Analysis Information System (TRAINS) database. While this only represents 2.6 per cent of the measures in the database, they are concentrated in world&rsquo;s largest traded and most CO2 intensive sectors, such as the automotive sector. Consequently, 26.4 per cent of world trade is regulated, representing trade worth US$ 6.5 trillion. Climate change-related NTMs cover a higher share of trade in high income and industrialized middle income countries, as they are the largest traders in these CO2 intensive sectors. Low income economies&rsquo; import baskets feature less CO2 intensive goods and their NTMs therefore have a smaller impact on global trade. But low income countries make no fewer regulatory efforts in combating climate change through NTMs. In fact, the share of climate change-related NTMs among countries&rsquo; total number of NTMs is highest in low income countries. Particularly, Small Island Development States (SIDS), which face very tangible risks from climate change, tend to take above-average action against it. Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) account for more than 61 per cent of all identified climate change-related NTMs. Other common NTMs are quantitative restrictions and export-related measures. While broader types of relevant NTMs are similar across countries, there is significant divergence in the details and specific requirements that hints at lacking international coordination and causes unnecessary trade costs. More international cooperation and coordination could reduce trade costs as well as regulatory efforts through sharing of best practices. The overall economy-wide costs of climate change-related NTMs are relatively small. However, where NTMs are indeed applied, they can have significant impacts. While NTMs are generally applied in a non-discriminatory manner, they have a disproportionate effect on developing and least developed countries, micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and women traders. </p

Transnational corporations and backward linkages in Asian electronics industries

This monograph presents a study of the development of the backward linkages in the electronics industry in six countries in the Asian and Pacific region. Much of the information about backward linkages between local industry and TNCs has been obtained from original surveys with these business organizations. The country studies focus upon technical capabilities of local subcontractors, the transfer of technology from TNCs to local subcontractors, TNC investment in the local industry and contractual arrangements in light of the policies for creating backward linkages and developing the domestic electrical and electronics industries. An overview paper discusses methodological issues involved with data collection and provides a survey of results from the country studies. Government of Japan for financial support to the project on backward linkages and the publicatio

Report of the ESCAP/UNCTAD workshops on multimodal transport

In 1988, the ESCAP Division for Shipping, Ports, and Inland Waterways, in close cooperation with the UNCTAD Shipping Division and with financial assistance from the Government of Norway, organized a series of four workshops on multimodal transport for the benefit of ESCAP members. Although all the workshops were held in ASEAN countries on a back-to-back basis, China, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Thailand, and Viet Nam were invited to the one held in Bangkok. Full cooperation was accorded to the ESCAP secretariat during the entire period of those workshops by all concerned parties, which included: National Institute of Port Management (Madras, India) Southern India Shippers' Council Western India Shippers' Council Federation of Freight Forwarders' Association in India Pakistan Shippers' Council Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry Government of India Government of Pakistan Another workshop was held in Jaipur, India, from 27 to 29 September 1989. However, due to the full program commitments of ESCAP staff, it was not possible for the division concerned to undertake or contribute to this activity. In consultation with the UNCTAD secretariat, its Multimodal and New Technologies Section took full responsibility for this workshop in cooperation with Indian Railways.CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION............................................. 1 A. Organization of the workshops....................... 1 B. Attendance.......................................... 2 II. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES.................................. 3 III. METHODOLOGY/PRESENTATION................................ 6 IV. EVALUATION............................................... 6 V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................... 7 VI. ASSESSMENT OF REQUIREMENTS............................... 7 VII. ASSESSMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS,1988-1989.................. 8 ANNEXES Annex I: List of participants............................ 11 Annex II: Programmes of the workshops ..................... 23 Annex III: Plans of Action................................. 3

Report of the ESCAP/UNCTAD : Workshops on Multimodal Transport, Jakarta, 1-4 June 1988, Penang, 6-10 June 1988, Bangkok, 17-21 October 1988, Manila, 24-28 October 1988

The publication "Report of the ESCAP/UNCTAD: Workshops on Multimodal Transport" covers a series of workshops held in 1988 across various locations in Asia. These workshops were organized by the ESCAP Division for Shipping, Ports, and Inland Waterways in cooperation with the UNCTAD Shipping Division, with financial assistance from the Government of Norway.The workshops aimed to raise awareness about the benefits of multimodal transport, which involves the use of multiple modes of transportation (e.g., sea, rail, road) under a single contract. They also addressed the requirements for implementing this concept and the potential challenges that could aris The workshops were held in: Jakarta (1-4 June 1988) – Country-level, Penang (6-10 June 1988) – Subregional-level, Bangkok (17-21 October 1988) – Subregional-level, and Manila (24-28 October 1988) – Country-level. Each workshop involved high-ranking officials and participants from both the government and private sectors. Despite some logistical challenges, such as a typhoon in Manila, the workshops were successful in achieving their objectivesGovernment of NorwayI. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1 A. Organization of theworkshops.............................................. 1 B. Attendance........................................................................................... 1 II. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES....................................................................... 3 Workshop content...................................................................................... 4 III. METHOD OF DELIVERY/PRESENTATION.................................................... 5 IV. EVALUATION...................................................................................................... 6 V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................ 6 ANNEXES Annex I: Lists of participants.................................................................. 9 Annex II: Programme of the workshop......................................................... 25 Annex III: Plans of Action................................................................................. 2

Transnational corporations and selected service industries in Asia and the Pacific

Policy makers in the host developing countries of Asia and the Pacific recognize that many service industries have become technology intensive. Not only telecommunications services and construction and engineering services but financial services, professional services, tourism services and even retail trade services have also become technology-intensive industries. Transnational corporations, including transnational service corporations, are the most important agents in the generation, application and international transfer of technology in service industries. Certainly, transnational service corporations have the potential to contribute to host developing countries in the area of soft technologies, but the extent and impact of their actual contributions will depend upon a number of critical factors. Most important among these are the quality of national education and training systems, conditions in the labour markets of host countries, and the training and personnel policies of the transnational corporations themselves. Government of Japan for financial support of the service sector project and the publicatio

Cross-border and transit transport process management : CT-TPM toolkit - reference material

The toolkit, from now on be known as CT-TPM Toolkit consists of a conceptual first part introducing the concept of Transit Transport corridors and the challenges faced by these corridors in their development. The second part describes the response to these challenges through the implementation of the two methodologies, namely the Cluster Development Methodology and the Time/Cost-Distance Methodology. These methodologies are presented in a practical way including references and examples of previous projects of both UNCTAD and UNESCAP so that the stakeholders involved in the corridors can use them easily following a step-by-step guide.</p