156 research outputs found
Total syntheses of conformationally-locked difluorinated pentopyranose analogues and a pentopyranosyl phosphate mimetic
Trifluoroethanol has been elaborated, via a telescoped sequence involving a metalated difluoroenol, a difluoroallylic alcohol, [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement, and ultimately an RCM reaction and requiring minimal intermediate purification, to a number of cyclooctenone intermediates. Epoxidation of these intermediates followed by transannular ring opening or dihydroxylation, then transannular hemiacetalization delivers novel bicyclic analogues of pentopyranoses, which were elaborated (in one case) to an analogue of a glycosyl phosphate
Flow-History-Dependent Behavior in Entangled Polymer Melt Flow with Multiscale Simulation
Polymer melts represent the flow-history-dependent behavior. To clearly show
this behavior, we have investigated flow behavior of an entangled polymer melt
around two cylinders placed in tandem along the flow direction in a two
dimensional periodic system. In this system, the polymer states around a
cylinder in downstream side are different from the ones around another cylinder
in upstream side because the former ones have a memory of a strain experienced
when passing around the cylinder in upstream side but the latter ones do not
have the memory. Therefore, the shear stress distributions around two cylinders
are found to be different from each other. Moreover, we have found that the
averaged flow velocity decreases accordingly with increasing the distance
between two cylinders while the applied external force is constant. While this
behavior is consistent with that of the Newtonian fluid, the
flow-history-dependent behavior enhances the reduction of the flow resistance.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of 5th International Mini-Symposium
on Liquid
Mechanical Responses and Stress Fluctuations of a Supercooled Liquid in a Sheared Non-Equilibrium State
A steady shear flow can drive supercooled liquids into a non-equilibrium
state. Using molecular dynamics simulations under steady shear flow
superimposed with oscillatory shear strain for a probe, non-equilibrium
mechanical responses are studied for a model supercooled liquid composed of
binary soft spheres. We found that even in the strongly sheared situation, the
supercooled liquid exhibits surprisingly isotropic responses to oscillating
shear strains applied in three different components of the strain tensor. Based
on this isotropic feature, we successfully constructed a simple two-mode
Maxwell model that can capture the key features of the storage and loss moduli,
even for highly non-equilibrium state. Furthermore, we examined the correlation
functions of the shear stress fluctuations, which also exhibit isotropic
relaxation behaviors in the sheared non-equilibrium situation. In contrast to
the isotropic features, the supercooled liquid additionally demonstrates
anisotropies in both its responses and its correlations to the shear stress
fluctuations. Using the constitutive equation (a two-mode Maxwell model), we
demonstrated that the anisotropic responses are caused by the coupling between
the oscillating strain and the driving shear flow. We measured the magnitude of
this violation in terms of the effective temperature. It was demonstrated that
the effective temperature is notably different between different components,
which indicates that a simple scalar mapping, such as the concept of an
effective temperature, oversimplifies the true nature of supercooled liquids
under shear flow. An understanding of the mechanism of isotropies and
anisotropies in the responses and fluctuations will lead to a better
appreciation of these violations of the FDT, as well as certain consequent
modifications to the concept of an effective temperature.Comment: 15pages, 17figure
Distinct target cell-dependent forms of short-term plasticity of the central visceral afferent synapses of the rat
Lack of association between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter polymorphism and risk of renal cell carcinoma
Functional anatomy of 5-HT2A receptors in the amygdala and hippocampal complex: relevance to memory functions
(1S*,2S*,4S*)-3,3-Difluoro-2,4-dihydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclooct-5(Z)-en-1-yl N,N-diethylcarbamate
The structure of the title compound, C15H25F2NO4, is reported and reveals a pseudorotational relationship between the ring conformation of this compound and that of an isomeric by-product reported in the following paper
(1R*,3S*,8S*)-2,2-Difluoro-3,8-dihydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclooct-4(Z)-en-1-yl N,N-diethylcarbamate
The structure of the title compound, C15H25F2NO4, is presented. Comparison of this minor product with the isomeric major product of the synthesis is made in the previous pape
- …