Overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase A in cholangiocarcinoma is correlated with poor prognosis

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a key metabolic enzyme, plays a crucial role in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis. Overexpression of LDHA is observed in many human malignancies in association with tumor progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate LDHA expression pattern during carcinogenesis, its clinico-pathological association, and evaluate the prognostic value of LDHA in CCA patients. LDHA expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry technique in both hamster- (n=60) and human-CCA tissues (n=82). Plasma LDH from healthy control (n=40) and CCA patients (n=29) were determined using an enzymatic based assay. The association of LDHA expression with clinicopathological findings and prognostic value were evaluated by statistical analysis. In the CCA hamster model, an increase of LDHA expression was associated with the progression of CCA-genesis. Higher LDHA overexpression was associated with shorter survival of CCA patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that LDHA expression including histological type were independent prognostic risk factor of patient’s survival. However, there was no difference in plasma LDH level between CCA patients and healthy controls. LDHA expression is involved in cholangio-carcinogenesis. Overexpression of LDHA can be a marker of poor prognosis in CCA patients and it might be a potential target for CCA treatment

Anserine/Carnosine-Rich Extract from Thai Native Chicken Suppresses Melanogenesis via Activation of ERK Signaling Pathway

Skin hyperpigmentation is an aesthetic problem that leads to psychosocial issues. Thus, skin whitening agents from agro- and poultry-industrial co-products are considered high economic value ingredients of interest for sustainable application. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the cosmeceutical potential of anserine/carnosine-rich chicken extract (ACCE) from the Thai native chicken Pradu Hang Dam Mor Kor 55 (PD) meat. The chemical composition was identified and quantified using the HPLC-UV method. Then, the antioxidation potential of the extract was compared to that of L-anserine and L-carnosine, using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay and shikonin-induced production of reactive oxygen species in CCD-986Sk cell models, and the anti-melanogenesis effect in the MNT-1 melanoma cell line model was investigated. Furthermore, related mechanisms were identified using colorimetric tyrosinase assay and the Western blot technique. The ACCE was composed of L-anserine and L-carnosine as two major constituents. In a dose-dependent manner, ACCE, L-anserine, and L-carnosine manifested significant antioxidation potential and significant reduction of melanin production. Activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway and inhibition of tyrosinase activity of ACCE were demonstrated as the mechanisms of the anti-melanogenesis effect. In conclusion, ACCE has been revealed as a potential cosmeceutical agent due to its antioxidation and anti-melanogenic activity in association with L-anserine and L-carnosine composition and biomolecular regulating ability. Therefore, further studies and development should be considered to support the utilization of anserine/carnosine-rich chicken extract in the cosmetic industry for economic value creation and sustainability