EFFECTS OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON SEED GERMINATION, SEEDLING GROWTH AND SOME ASPECTS OF METABOLISM OF WHEAT UNDER ALLELOCHEMICAL STRESS

WOS: 000322536200008Effects of growth regulators on seed germination, seedling growth and some aspects of metabolism of wheat under allelochemical stress due to oleander and walnut leaf (extract and powder) were investigated. All parameters e.g. seed germination, seedling growth, leaf pigments except the proline content reduced significantly under stress. On the contrary, GA(3) and IBA showed alleviating activities. The alleviation effect of GA(3) was higher than that of IBA.C.E.V. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Pasa Private SchoolsThe author would like to thank the authority of C.E.V. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Pasa Private Schools for providing funds, materials and lab space

Copper Toxicity in Capsicum annuum: Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities, Phenolic and Protein Amounts of in-vitro-Grown Plants

WOS: 000365931600012To determine some physiological and biochemical changes in Capsicum annuum L. grown in vitro, the effects of different Cu concentrations on this plant were investigated. Cu was applied in the form of Cu sulfate (CuSO4) in three levels (0, 0.1, and 0.2 mM) and at three times (days 8, 10, and 12). With Cu treatments, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and total phenolic compound amounts increased compared to the control. The protein amount gradually declined with increasing Cu concentrations. This study demonstrated that Capsicum annuum L. is quite tolerant of Cu and mobilizes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and phenolic compounds in order to mitigate Cu-stress damage

Farklı habitatlarda Convolvulus oleifolius var. Deserti'nin morfoloji ve fizyolojisinde değişimler

Apostol adasının farklı vejetasyon zonlarında bulunan Convolvulus oleifolius Desr. var. deserti Pamp./Sürmeli yayılgan'ın morfolojik özellikleri, fotosentetik pigment içerikleri, prolin ve toplam protein miktarları çalışılmıştır. Örnekler Bodrum-Türkbükü-Muğla-Türkiye, Apostol adasının littoral-epilittoral ve interior vejetasyon zonlarından toplanmıştır. Gövde uzunluğu, organ büyüklüğü, tüy yoğunluğu ve çiçeklenme durumunda belirgin farklılıklar vardır. Fotosentetik pigmentler littoral-epilittoral vejetasyon zonda, interior vejetasyon zondakinden daha azdır. Littoralepilittoral vejetasyon zonda prolin miktarı interior vejetasyon zondakinden önemli derecede daha yüksekken, toplam protein miktarı önemli derecede daha düşüktür. C. oleifolius var. deserti'nin morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerinin çeşitli habitatlara uyum mekanizması sonucu ortaya çıkan önemli farklılıkları sergilediği düşünülebilir. Bu nedenle, çalışmamız farklı habitatlara uyumlu ve/veya toleranslı bitkilerin seçilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi için önemlidirMorphological features, photosynthetic pigment contents, proline and total protein amounts of Convolvulus oleifolius Desr. var. deserti Pamp./Surmeli yayilgan in different vegetation zones of Apostol Island are studied. Samples were collected from littoral-epilittoral and interior vegetation zones of Apostol Island, Bodrum-Turkbuku-MuglaTurkey. There are obvious differences in terms of stem length, organ size, hair density and inflorescence. Photosynthetic pigments in littoral-epilittoral vegetation zone are less than in interior vegetation zone. Prolin amount is significantly higher, but total protein amount is significantly lower in littoral-epilittoral vegetation zone than in interior vegetation zone. It may be thought that the morphological and physiological features of the C. oleifolius var. deserti exhibited considerable differences which appeared be the product of adaptive mechanisms to different habitat. So, our study is important for improving and selecting crops tolerant of and/or adapted to different habita

Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Antioxidant Activity and Proline Accumulation in Apple (Malus domestica L.)

WOS: 000364387100006This study was conducted to determine the effects of exogenous application of different levels of salicylic acid (SA; 0 mM, 3.62 mM, and 7.24 mM) on antioxidant activity and proline accumulation in apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Red Chief Delicious) trees during late spring frost. The study was performed in Ulukisla, Nigde, Turkey from December 2012 to June 2013. We measured the levels of photosynthetic pigments, total proteins and proline in leaves, as well as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymatic activities. We also performed morphological observations of the trees. The study was planned according to random experimental design. We determined that SA application increased the fruit number, shoot number, and carotenoid contents in the leaves, but this increase was not statistically significant. However, the fruit weights, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, as well as chlorophyll, protein, and proline levels increased significantly in response to SA treatment compared to the control. In addition, the treated fruits were darker than the control. These results suggest that treating apple trees with exogenous SA may increase antioxidant enzyme activities as well as protein and proline levels and may alleviate the effects of late spring frost.Nigde University [FEB 2012/08]This study was supported by Nigde University, Coordinator of Scientific and Technological Research Projects, No: FEB 2012/08

VARIATIONS IN THE PROLINE AND TOTAL PROTEIN CONTENTS IN ORIGANUM SIPYLEUM L. FROM DIFFERENT ALTITUDES OF SPIL MOUNTAIN, TURKEY

WOS: 000315358800076Soil samples and leaves of Origanum sipyleum L., were collected from 5 different altitudes of Spil mountain situated in the State of Manisa in the West Anatolian part of Turkey. The soils were analysed to determine pH, organic matter content, calcium carbonate and other chemical constituents. The photosynthetic pigment, proline and total protein contents of leaves were also determined. Results obtained showed that O. sipyleum grows on sandy-loam soils, rich in organic matter content, with pH varying between 6.11-6.97. It prefers slightly acidic and neutral soils, rich in N and P, but poor in K. The physiological analyses revealed that total protein and proline contents increased whereas photosynthetic pigment decreased at 520 and 790m altitudes. All parameters decreased at 1020 and 1150m altitudes. A statistically significant correlation was observed at higher altitudes

Introduction and application of organic fertilizers as protectors of our environment/ edited by Munir Ozturk, Nudrat Aisha Akram, Bengu Turkyilmaz Unal and Muhammad Ashraf.

Includes bibliographical references.1 online resource (1 volume)

Effect of survey farmers’ knowledge and practices on the yield of sugarcane in Pakistan

Sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrids) yield is greatly affected by different pests in Pakistan. A total of three hundred and thirty-six (336) volunteer sugarcane farmers were interviewed and their fields inspected. Major pests were noted as; rat (Bandicota bengalensis), termites (Heterotermes indicola), borer (Bissetia steniellus), and leafhopper (Pyrilla perpusilla). These occurred in single and combined status in sugarcane fields. Most (147/336) of the sugarcane farmers mentioned four types of pests in their fields. In general 200/336 of the sugarcane farmers had applied pesticides in single and combined forms in their fields, they achieved a maximum average yield of 80 t ha−1. The number of farmers who applied malathion was 36/336. They achieved an average yield of 105.5 kg ha−1. Only one sugarcane farmer applied regent and furadon in combined form and obtained an average yield of 92.6 kg ha−1 in their field.Linear regression showed a significant relationship between average sugarcane yield and pest infestation (R2 = 0.9689) as well as pesticide application (R2 = 0.9128) in the area investigated. In total 299 out of the 336 sugarcane farmers were small size landholders up to 2 ha. A limited number (35/336) of the farmers visited the public agricultural extension department for information and application techniques of pesticides against pests. It will be fruitful if the public and private agricultural extension departments start awareness programmes on pest infestation among sugarcane farmers and train them to practice recommended pesticide applications in their sugarcane fields

Aluminum Toxicity: A Case Study on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Aluminum is an abundant metal in the earth's crust that turns out to be toxic in acidic environments. Many plants are affected by the presence of aluminum at the whole plant level, at the organ level, and at the cellular level. Tobacco as a cash crop (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a widely cultivated plant worldwide and is also a good model organism for research. Although there are many articles on Al-phytotoxicity in the literature, reviews on a single species that are economically and scientifically important are limited. In this article, we not only provide the biology associated with tobacco Al-toxicity, but also some essential information regarding the effects of this metal on other plant species (even animals). This review provides information on aluminum localization and uptake process by different staining techniques, as well as the effects of its toxicity at different compartment levels and the physiological consequences derived from them. In addition, molecular studies in recent years have reported specific responses to Al toxicity, such as overexpression of various protective proteins. Besides, this review discusses data on various organelle-based responses, cell death, and other mechanisms, data on tobacco plants and other kingdoms relevant to these studies

EFFECTS OF THE EXTRACT FROM DIFFERENT PLANT PARTS OF FERULA COMMUNIS SPP. COMMUNIS ON THE SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF BARLEY AND CUCUMBER

WOS: 000436522400019The present study was conducted to observe the effects of Ferula communis L. ssp. comntunis on seed germination and seedling growth of barley and cucumber. Different concentrations of the extract showed inhibition in all parameters. The maximum reduction was recorded in the germination of barley (60 %) and a lowest vigor index noted when 50 percent leaf extract was applied. The maximum decrease in root (91.88 %) and shoot (82.46 %) length in the barley seedlings occurred in 50 percent flower extract. The maximum reduction in root fresh weight (80.28 %), dry weight (71.43 %) and shoot fresh weight (80.33 %) was found in 50 percent flower extract application and whole plant extract was responsible for 50 percent reduction in the shoot dry weight of barley seedlings. No germination in cucumber was observed in 50 percent flower extract application. The maximum reduction of germination rate (53 %) and vigor index in other groups was again around 50 percent with fruit extract application. The greatest reduction was recorded in root (62.16 %) and shoot (27.55 %) length, root fresh (75.86 %) and dry (36.59 %) weights, and shoot fresh (56.76 %) and dry (13.64 %) weights in cucumber seedlings after applying 50 percent leaf extract. Roots were more affected than shoots and the extracts taken from flowers and leaves were more suppressive as compared to the fruits and whole plant