Taxonomic review of the genus Nycteola Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nolidae) from Korea including potential invasive pests

The genus Nycteola Hübner has been mainly distributed in the Old World and usually feeds on Fagaceae and Salicaceae, but Myrtaceae and Juglandaceae have also been reported. In Korea, the number of this genus has been changed from four to three after 2007, but three or four species are listed confusingly up to now.The Japanese endemic species Nycteola dufayi Sugi, 1982 are firstly reported for the Continents with its brief biology. Additionally, Korean fauna of nycteolid species are reviewed

Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale(1-3). Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter(4); identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation(5,6); analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution(7); describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity(8,9); and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes(8,10-18).Peer reviewe

First discovery of the tribe Ceracini, with a newly recorded genus and species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Korea

In the present study, we report the conspicuous leaf-roller tribe Ceracini for the first time based on Cerace xanthocosma Diakonoff, 1950 in Korea. Adult and female genitalic characteristics are examined and illustrated with collecting localites. Moreover, the host plant for the species is recorded first in Korea

Four species of Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera), new to Korea

Choi, Sei-Woong, Heo, Un-Hong, Kim, Sung-Soo (2021): Four species of Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera), new to Korea. Zootaxa 4999 (6): 582-590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4999.6.

Two new species of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea, with some biological data including larval host plants

Park, Kyu-Tek, Heo, Un-Hong, Byun, Bong-Kyu (2021): Two new species of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea, with some biological data including larval host plants. Zootaxa 4996 (2): 301-308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4996.2.

Teleiodes Sattler 1960

Genus Teleiodes Sattler, 1960 Type species: Tinea vulgella [Dennis & Schiffermüller], 1775. The genus Teleiodes Sattler is mostly distributed in the Palaearctic region, with only a single species known from N. America. Ten species have been known in Europe (Huemer & Karsholt 1999, 2020) and 10 species are known in Korea (Park & Ponomarenko 2007). A wide range of various deciduous trees and bushes are known as their host plants.Published as part of Park, Kyu-Tek, Heo, Un-Hong & Byun, Bong-Kyu, 2021, Two new species of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) from Korea, with some biological data including larval host plants, pp. 301-308 in Zootaxa 4996 (2) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4996.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/506989

Taxonomic review of the genus Nycteola Hübner (Lepidoptera, Nolidae) from Korea including potential invasive pests

The genus Nycteola Hübner has been mainly distributed in the Old World and usually feeds on Fagaceae and Salicaceae, but Myrtaceae and Juglandaceae have also been reported. In Korea, the number of this genus has been changed from four to three after 2007, but three or four species are listed confusingly up to now.The Japanese endemic species Nycteola dufayi Sugi, 1982 are firstly reported for the Continents with its brief biology. Additionally, Korean fauna of nycteolid species are reviewed

Stepwise Expansion of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs and Its Impact on Antibiotic Use and Resistance Rates at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Korea

Copyright © 2022 Shin et al.To optimize antibiotic use, the US CDC has outlined core elements of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP). However, they are difficult to implement in limited-resource settings. We report on the successful implementation of a series of ASP with insufficient number of infectious diseases specialists. We retrospectively collected data regarding antibiotic administration and culture results of all patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), from January 2010 to December 2019. Trends of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance rates were compared with those from Korean national data. Trend analyses were performed using nonparametric, two-sided, correlated seasonal Mann–Kendall tests. Total antibiotic agent usage has significantly decreased with ASP implementation at SNUBH since 2010. National claim data from tertiary care hospitals have revealed an increase in the use of all broad-spectrum antibiotics except for third-generation cephalosporins (3GC). In contrast, at SNUBH, glycopeptide and fluoroquinolone use gradually decreased, and 3GC and carbapenem use did not significantly change. Furthermore, the rate of colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed a consistently decreasing trend, while that with 3GC- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli significantly increased. Unlike the national rate, the rate of colonization with antibiotic resistant-Klebsiella pneumoniae did not increase and that of 3GC- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly decreased. Stepwise implementation of core ASP elements was effective in reducing antibiotic use despite a lack of sufficient manpower. Long-term multidisciplinary teamwork is necessary for successful and sustainable ASP implementation. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial stewardship programs aimed to optimize antibiotic use are difficult to implement in limited-resource settings. Our study indicates that stepwise implementation of core antimicrobial stewardship program elements was effective in reducing antibiotic use in a tertiary care hospital despite the lack of sufficient manpower.N

Mitophagy deficiency increases NLRP3 to induce brown fat dysfunction in mice.

Although macroautophagy/autophagy deficiency causes degenerative diseases, the deletion of essential autophagy genes in adipocytes paradoxically reduces body weight. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in body weight regulation and metabolic control. However, the key cellular mechanisms that maintain BAT function remain poorly understood. in this study, we showed that global or brown adipocyte-specific deletion of pink1, a Parkinson disease-related gene involved in selective mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), induced BAT dysfunction, and obesity-prone type in mice. Defective mitochondrial function is among the upstream signals that activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 was induced in brown adipocyte precursors (BAPs) from pink1 knockout (KO) mice. Unexpectedly, NLRP3 induction did not induce canonical inflammasome activity. Instead, NLRP3 induction led to the differentiation of pink1 KO BAPs into white-like adipocytes by increasing the expression of white adipocyte-specific genes and repressing the expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes. nlrp3 deletion in pink1 knockout mice reversed BAT dysfunction. Conversely, adipose tissue-specific atg7 KO mice showed significantly lower expression of Nlrp3 in their BAT. Overall, our data suggest that the role of mitophagy is different from general autophagy in regulating adipose tissue and whole-body energy metabolism. Our results uncovered a new mitochondria-NLRP3 pathway that induces BAT dysfunction. The ability of the nlrp3 knockouts to rescue BAT dysfunction suggests the transcriptional function of NLRP3 as an unexpected, but a quite specific therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic diseases.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; BAPs: brown adipocyte precursors; BAT: brown adipose tissue; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CASP1: caspase 1; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; EE: energy expenditure; HFD: high-fat diet; IL1B: interleukin 1 beta; ITT: insulin tolerance test; KO: knockout; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NLRP3: NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RD: regular diet; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT: room temperature; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier); WT: wild-type