"I couldn't": A phenomenological exploration of ethical tensions experienced by bereaved family members during the pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic entailed significant changes in accompaniment, end-of-life, and bereavement experiences. In some countries, public health measures prevented or restricted family caregivers from visiting their dying loved ones in residences, long-term care institutions, and hospitals. As a result, family members were faced with critical decisions that could easily lead to ethical dilemmas and moral distress. AIM: This study aimed to understand better the experience of ethical dilemmas among family caregivers who lost a loved one. METHDS: We interviewed twenty bereaved family caregivers and analysed their narratives using Interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Our analysis suggests that family caregivers struggled with their multiple responsibilities (collective, relational, and personal) and had to deal with the emotional cost of their choices. Results display three emerging themes describing the experience of ethical struggles: (1) Flight or fight: Struggling with collective responsibility; (2) Being torn apart: Assuming relational responsibility and (3) "Choosing" oneself: The cost of personal responsibility. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Results are discussed and interpreted using an ethical, humanistic, and existential conceptual framework

Signalement des patients adultes en situation de danger. L'article 453 CC, une exception méconnue au secret professionnel [Reporting of adult patients in dangerous situations. Article 455 CC, an unrecognized exception of professional confidentiality]

Le secret professionnel est au cœur de la tension qui peut exister entre le respect de l’autonomie du patient et la nécessité de lui apporter l’aide nécessaire en situation de vulnérabilité ou de danger. En sus des exceptions obligatoires et non obligatoires au secret médical, le nouveau droit de protection de l’adulte et de l’enfant, entré en vigueur le 1er janvier 2013, prévoit, à l’article 453 CC, que les personnes liées par le secret professionnel ou de fonction pourront signaler à l’autorité de protection la situation d’un patient qui mettrait en danger sa vie ou son intégrité corporelle, ou représenterait ce type de danger pour autrui. Cette disposition ne devra être utilisée qu’en dernier recours, lorsque la personne concernée ne consent pas à la transmission des informations nécessaires et que tout autre moyen d’aide aura été inopérant