Pre-Materials Selection for Eco-Aware Lightweight Friction Material

In the automotive industry, non-asbestos based components, such as brake pads, have been in high demand due to environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design and select an alternative friction material, which is desired to eco-aware lightweight, cost effective, and non-toxic. This will be accomplished using Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) Edupack software, embedded within an Eco-Audit Tool. The results show that Kenaf, which is a commodity plant in Malaysia, is the most suitable alternative friction material that passes all of the design stages and consumes less energy, compared to asbestos and other potential materials. Keywords

Materials Selection for Eco-Aware Lightweight Friction Material

In the automotive industry, non-asbestos based components, such as brake pads, have been in high demand due to environmental and human health concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select an alternative friction material, which is eco-aware lightweight, cost effective, and non-toxic. This will be accomplished using Cambridge Engineering Selector (CES) Edupack software, embedded within an Eco-Audit Tool. For verification, a comparative study using the Pugh method was also investigated. The results show that Kenaf, which is a commodity plant in Malaysia, is the most suitable alternative friction material that passes all of the design stages and consumes less energy, compared to asbestos and other potential materials

Chemical modification at and within nanopowders: Synthesis of core‐shell Al2O3@TiON nanopowders via nitriding nano‐(TiO2)0.43(Al2O3)0.57 powders in NH3

Here, we demonstrate the potential utility of using chemical modification to reorganize metastable nanoparticles into nanostructured nanoparticles without coincidentally inducing extensive necking/sintering. The motivation for this effort derives from the concept that chemical reduction in a single component in a mixed‐metal nanoparticle will create segregated islands of a second immiscible phase. Given the very high chemical energies inherent in nanoparticles, the formation of even smaller islands of a second phase can be anticipated to lead to extremely high interfacial energies that may drive these islands to diffuse to cores or surfaces to form core‐shell structures that minimize such interfacial energies. Thus, ammonolysis of (TiO2)0.43(Al2O3)0.57 composition nanopowders where both elements are approximately uniformly mixed at atomic length scales, under selected conditions (1000°C) for various periods of time at constant NH3 flow rates leads primarily to the reduction in the Ti species to form TiN or TiON which then appears to diffuse to the surface of the particles. The final products consist of Al2O3@TiON core‐shell nanopowders that remain mostly unaggregated pointing to a new mechanism for modifying nanopowder chemistries and physical properties.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142336/1/jace15303_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142336/2/jace15303.pd

The effect of maximum normal impact load, absorbed energy and contact impulse on the impact craters volume/depth of DLC coating under repetitive impacts

Recently, the requirements for measuring dynamic responses have become severe and varied in many industrial and research applications such as material testing, model analysis and crash testing1). Surface degradation often occurs due to this dynamic response. This phenomenon also appears in the DLC coatings material. In this present work, a self-developed horizontal impact tester can provides this type of response, which gives an effect to the impact craters volume/depth of DLC coating

Raman Spectroscopy Study of Impacted DLC Coatings

Raman scattering is an excellent tool to characterize the structure of carbon atoms in diamond-like carbon (DLC). The study of DLC coatings in the sliding conditions has been conducted for a decade using Raman spectroscopy analysis. However, there is still insufficient information about how the structure of DLC coatings changes during repetitive impact. In this paper changes in the structure under 90o repetitive impact at a large number of cycles are presented

Selection and Verification of Kenaf Fibres as an Alternative Friction Material Using Weighted Decision Matrix Method

Nowadays, natural fibres composites are widely investigated and acknowledged as materials which minimise carbon dioxide produced in all phases of their interaction with environment compared to glass fibres composites. However, the fibres selection is still based on economic factors and local availability rather than dependency on a systematic approach. Therefore, this paper suggests a study on how kenaf fibres is verified compared to other natural fibres that could potentially be used as an alternative source of friction material (FMs) using the Weighted Decision Matrix (WDM) approach. The method of selection is to consider the impact on the environment and human health. An exhaustive review of potential natural fibres and friction materials is presented and suggested for future development direction. The result shows that WDM method verifies the suggested suitability of kenaf fibres

The effects of oil additives and mating materials to the friction, wear and seizure characteristics of a-C: H coating

In this study, friction and wear behaviour of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) DLC coating slide against SUJ2, TiC and TiN mating material disks in Base and ZnDTP+MoDTC oils boundary lubrication is comparatively investigated to determine the most favourable DLC/mating material/lubricant and interrelated tribofilm formation mechanism on each mating mating materials. Tribological tests were executed by utilizing roller on disk friction tester, nano-indentation hardness test, 3D optical surface profiler, and EDS-SEM were used to characterize the tribofilm formed on both worn roller and disk surfaces. The results showed that the wear volume of a-C:H/TiC tribo-pair in ZnDTP+MoDTC marked a tremendous wear volume reduction compared to than that of in Base oil. EDS investigation on tribofilm element investigation revealed that SUJ2 and TiN mating material disk attracted high concentration of Molybdenum at% on its surface that later caused high wear volume on both roller and disk sliding surfaces. TiC mating material disk however, formed a low at% yet helpful tribofilm consisting of a fraction of Zn phosphate from ZnDTP attached on both roller and disk which assisted the reduction of wear volume

Selection and Verification of Kenaf Fibres as an Alternative Friction Material Using Weighted Decision Matrix Method

Nowadays, natural fibres composites are widely investigated and acknowledged as materials which minimise carbon dioxide produced in all phases of their interaction with environment compared to glass fibres composites. However, the fibres selection is still based on economic factors and local availability rather than dependency on a systematic approach. Therefore, this paper suggests a study on how kenaf fibres is verified compared to other natural fibres that could potentially be used as an alternative source of friction material (FMs) using the Weighted Decision Matrix (WDM) approach. The method of selection is to consider the impact on the environment and human health. An exhaustive review of potential natural fibres and friction materials is presented and suggested for future development direction. The result shows that WDM method verifies the suggested suitability of kenaf fibres

Deformation and wear map of DLC coating under cyclic impacts

Generally, the construction of transition maps follow two different approaches ; empirical and physical modelling. However, only empirical approach is used in this study. In this century, there is no development of deformation-wear transition map of the DC coating under cyclic impact loading. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose a new deformation-wear transition map of DLC coating based on variations of maximum normal impact loads and impact cycles for future design purposes