Innovation clusters and determinants of innovativeness in manufacturing industries

Innovation is an important source of competitiveness and is studied extensively by both the academicians and the practitioners particularly in the last decades. This study is based on the results of an exploratory study conducted in the Northern Marmara region of Turkey covering 184 manufacturing firms. A model is developed to determine the determinants of innovativeness and data is gathered through a questionnaire to validate this model.The resulting determinants of innovativeness are intellectual capital, organizational structure, organizational culture, manufacturing strategy, barriers to innovation, and collaborations. As a result of cluster analysis employing the same data set, four innovation clusters are obtained using five innovation types: Radical product innovation, incremental product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, and organizational innovation. These clusters are labeled as the Leading innovators, Followers, Inventors, and Laggers. In this study, we test the hypothesis that different innovation clusters put different emphasis on different determinants of innovativeness as well as on different components of these determinants. The hypotheses are all supported except for organizational culture and collaborations. These results together with those associated with the components of the determinants are commented upon

Response styles and avoidance strategies in bipolar disorder and healthy controls: A comparative study

Objective: This study aimed to investigate stress appraisals, rumination, worry, and experiential avoidance (EA) in patients with bipolar disorder-I (BD-I) in the euthymic phase of the illness. The effects of these processes on functionality in individuals with BD-I a re also investigated. Method: Using the Stress Appraisal Measure Dispositional Form (SAM-D), Ruminative Thinking Style Questionnaire (RTSQ), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), we compared 67 BD-I patients with 70 healthy controls. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of functionality levels measured by the Bipolar Disorder Functioning Questionnaire (BDFQ). Results: BD-I group showed significantly higher SAM-D "threat," "uncontrollable by anyone," and "control by others" scores. The BD-I group also reported higher EA (AAQ-II) than the control group. Rumination (RTSQ) and worry (PSWQ) did not show any significant differences between groups. BDFQ was negatively predicted "uncontrollable by anyone" and positively predicted by "control by others" subdimensions of SAM-D. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that patients with BD-I have differences in stress appraisals, even in the euthymic phase. Higher AAQ-II scores seemed to be a distinctive feature for patients with BD-I that may be related to perceiving stressful situations as threatening and uncontrollable. Our results present new perspectives for psychotherapeutic interventions both for the treatment and for the improvement of the functioning of these patients

Investigation of emotional schemas between adolescents and their mothers

Objective: It is common to see that child-parent interaction affects psychological problems in adulthood. This interaction process may also be effective in developing emotional schemas and attitudes. The present study aimed to investigate the similarities or differences in emotional schemas between mothers and adolescents in both clinical and control groups.Method: Eighty-two adolescents who applied to the child and adolescent outpatient clinics and their mothers (assigned as the clinical group) and 80 adolescents without any psychiatric problems and their mothers (assigned as the control group) were examined using a Sociodemographic Characteristics Form and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale Turkish Version (LESS-T). A multivariate analysis of variance test was used to determine the intergroup differences in emotional schema levels.Results: LESS-T was applied to all participants. No statistically significant difference was found between mothers and their adolescents on the LESS-T subscales in the control group (p=0.89). Mothers in the clinical group reported higher levels of demand for rationality (p=0.003) and emotional avoidance (p=0.01) than mothers in the control group. In the clinical group, adolescents reported higher levels of uncontrollability (p=0.007), and mothers reported higher levels of comprehensibility (p=0.001), demand for rationality (p=0.001), and emotional avoidance (p=0.007).Conclusion: Mothers' emotional schemas, such as avoidance and demand for rationality, may prevent their children from expressing and experiencing emotions sufficiently. Findings emphasize the importance of healthy mother-child interaction for developing emotional skills

Bipolar spektrumu tanı ölçeği Türkçe Formu’nun güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale (BSDS). Method: The study was carried out with 130 patients diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, 15 patients diagnosed with bipolar II disorder, and 38 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder attending the outpatient psychiatry departments of the Bakirkoy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Diseases. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) was used for convergent validity. The internal consistency coefficient, item-total score correlation coefficients, test-retest correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation with concurrent scale, and ROC curve were statistically calculated. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 20-item version did not show adequate goodness-of-fit. The item 4 with a relatively low regression weight was removed from the model. For the 19-item revised and corrected model, the observed goodness-of-fit indexes were RMSEA = 0.040, CFI = 0.900, GFI = 0.890, IFI = 0.900 and chi(2)/df = 1.230. The internal consistency Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.831. The correlation coefficient between the Turkish version of the BSDS and the MDQ was 0.54. The cutoff point of the scale calculated by the ROC analysis was 12 with a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 86.8%. Conclusion: The Turkish Version of the BSDS, has been shown to be reliable and valid tool for screening bipolar disorder after removal of the item 4 of the original version of the scale.Amaç: Bu çalışmada Bipolar Spektrumu Tanı Ölçeği Türkçe Formu’nun güvenilirlik ve geçerliliğini ortaya koymak amaçlanmaktadır. Yöntem: Araştırma Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’nde ayakta izlenmekte olan ve bipolar I bozukluk tanısı konan 130, bipolar II bozukluk tanısı konan 15, majör depresif bozukluk tanısı konan 38 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Birlikte geçerlilik amacıyla Duygudurum Bozuklukları Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirmede iç tutarlılık katsayısı, madde-toplam puan korelasyon katsayıları, test tekrar test korelasyon katsayısı, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, diğer ölçeklerle korelasyon ve ROC eğrisi hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde 20 maddelik versiyonunun yeterli uyum göstermediği saptandı. Düşük regresyon ağırlığı nedeniyle 4. madde modelden çıkarıldı. 19 maddelik revize edilmiş ve düzeltilmiş modelin bakılan uyum iyiliği indeksleri RMSEA = 0,040; CFI = 0,900; GFI = 0,890; IFI= 0,900 ve χ2 /df = 1,230 olarak saptandı. İç tutarlılık analizinde Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0,831 olarak bulundu. Bipolar Spektrumu Tanı Ölçeği Türkçe Formu’nun Duygudurum Bozuklukları Ölçeği ile korelasyon katsayısı 0,54 olarak saptandı. ROC analizinde ölçeğin kesme puanı duyarlılık değeri %78,6 özgüllük değeri %86,8 ile 12 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç: Bipolar bozukluğu taramaya yarayan Bipolar Spektrumu Tanı Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formu’nun ölçekten 4. madde çıkarıldıktan sonra güvenilir ve geçerli olduğu gösterilmiştir

Burned out and avoided: Stigmatizing processes among psychiarists

BACKGROUND: The stigma of mental illness has been reported as a serious barrier in lives of people with mental illness. Besides blocking admission to mental health services, it was found associated with terminating appropriate treatment. As well as relatives, neighbours or friends, it is shown that patients face stigma from psychiatrists. The aim of this study is to evaluate stigmatizing attitudes of psychiatrists and to find out its relationship with burnout and psychological flexibility. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 256 psychiatrists all along Turkey were participated and age, gender, duration that spent as a clinician and psychotherapy training have been recorded. Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes (MICA) Scale were used to evaluate participants' psychological flexibility, burnout level and stigmatizing attitudes respectively. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to assess direct and indirect influences on stigma. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between residents and senior psychiatrists in all three scales. Psychotherapy training was found significantly associated with lower levels of stigma. Stigma was found to be predicted by duration, age, and burnout levels. In SEM analyses psychological flexibility was found to predict stigma indirectly via burnout. CONCLUSION: Increasing contact with the stigmatized and education are two widely used methods against stigma. In years their effects were found limited and temporary. Burnout in clinicians is an important parameter in many aspects as well as its relation with stigma. There are limited data to decrease burnout in psychiatrists. There are some evidence that shows Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is effective to decrease burnout and stigma in clinicians. In the means of additional ways when dealing with stigma, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be a powerful tool while it targets to increase psychological flexibility

Assessing clinicians' views: The development of the Bakirkoy Clinician Stance Questionnaire

Objective: Although there is a wide range of theoretical perspectives and clinical practices, there is no assessment tool that reveals these variations among clinicians. In this study, we presented the development process of a new measure for clinicians that assess their psychological flexibility levels, attitudes towards psychotherapy and inclination to the mechanistic approach. Method: Participants included 167 psychiatrists and psychiatry residents from all over Turkey. They completed 29 items intended to form the basis for the Bakirkoy Clinician's Attitude Questionnaire (BCSQ). Item-total correlation and Cronbach's alpha correlation analyses were performed to determine internal consistency. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) and the Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitude Scale V.4 (MICA v4) were used to assess the convergent and concurrent validity of BCSQ. Results: Principal component analyses with varimax rotation were conducted to ensure construct validity and to explore subdimensions. Finally, a three-dimensional version (Clinical inflexibility, Treatment preference, Mechanistic approach) of the scale with 20 items was created. The BCSQ demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82) and transient stability. Convergent validity analyses showed that BCSQ subscales have significant relationships with higher psychological inflexibility and stigmatization levels. Conclusion: BCSQ proves to be a valuable tool for assessing changes in the level of psychological flexibility of clinicians in clinical practice, their attitudes towards psychotherapy/psychopharmacology and their view of psychopathology

Do psychological inflexibility and self-criticism mediate the relationship between depression and addiction severity?

Objective: Self-related problems and psychological inflexibility, which can also lead to a vulnerability to depression, often accompany substance use disorders. This study examined whether psychological inflexibility and self-criticism mediated the relationship between depression and addiction severity. Method: We examined 111 patients with Substance use disorders (SUDs) using the Addiction Profile Index (API), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Forms of Self-criticizing/Attacking and Self-reassuring Scale (FSCRS), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Substance Abuse (AAQ-SA). Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating role of psychological inflexibility on the relationship between depression and addiction severity. Results: API total score was negatively correlated with AAQ-SA and positively correlated with BDI and FSCRS. Because FSCRS did not have a significant predictive effect on addiction severity (p=0.966), only AAQ-SA was included in the mediation analysis. According to the results of the mediation analysis, depression was found to directly affect addiction severity (direct effect, p=0.007), and it constitutes 54.5% of the total effect. Also, depression predicted addiction severity (indirect effect, p<0.001) through psychological flexibility, and it constitutes 45.5% of the total effect. Conclusion: According to our findings, psychological inflexibility is an important variable between depression and addiction severity. Although patients with SUDs may have negative evaluations about self, they may not use self-criticism as a coping strategy. Psychological inflexibility may be a substantial target for interventions in patients who use substances to avoid depressive symptoms

Burned out and avoided: Stigmatizing processes among psychiarists

Background: The stigma of mental illness has been reported as a serious barrier in lives of people with mental illness. Besides blocking admission to mental health services, it was found associated with terminating appropriate treatment. As well as relatives, neighbours or friends, it is shown that patients face stigma from psychiatrists. The aim of this study is to evaluate stigmatizing attitudes of psychiatrists and to find out its relationship with burnout and psychological flexibility. Subjects and methods: 256 psychiatrists all along Turkey were participated and age, gender, duration that spent as a clinician and psychotherapy training have been recorded. Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes (MICA) Scale were used to evaluate participants' psychological flexibility, burnout level and stigmatizing attitudes respectively. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to assess direct and indirect influences on stigma. Results: There were statistically significant differences between residents and senior psychiatrists in all three scales. Psychotherapy training was found significantly associated with lower levels of stigma. Stigma was found to be predicted by duration, age, and burnout levels. In SEM analyses psychological flexibility was found to predict stigma indirectly via burnout. Conclusion: Increasing contact with the stigmatized and education are two widely used methods against stigma. In years their effects were found limited and temporary. Burnout in clinicians is an important parameter in many aspects as well as its relation with stigma. There are limited data to decrease burnout in psychiatrists. There are some evidence that shows Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is effective to decrease burnout and stigma in clinicians. In the means of additional ways when dealing with stigma, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can be a powerful tool while it targets to increase psychological flexibility

The relationship between coping styles, depressive symptom levels and caregiver burden in caregivers of children with disability

Engelli çocukların ailelerinin bakım verme durumuna uyumda güçlük yaşayabildikleri ve bakım yükü olarak adlandırılan bu durumun başa çıkma tutumları ile ilişkili olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda engelli çocukların bakımverenlerinde başa çıkma tutumlarının bakım yükü ve depresyon düzeyleriyle ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya 1 Mart 2018 – 1 Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında özel bir bakım merkezinde ayaktan takipleri devam etmekte olan engelli çocukların bakımverenlerinden oluşan 84 birey dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara sosyo-demografik veri formu, Zarit Bakım Yük Ölçeği (ZBYÖ), Beck Depresyon Ölçeği (BDÖ), Fonksiyonel Olmayan Tutumlar Ölçeği (FOTÖ-A), Ruminatif Düşünme Biçimi Ölçeği (RDBÖ) ve Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği (COPE) uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson korelasyon analizi ve aşamalı çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Pearson Korelasyon Analizi uygulanarak saptanan sonuçlara göre RDBÖ ile BDÖ (r=0,290), FOTÖ (r=0,242) ve COPE alt ölçek puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönlü düşük korelasyon saptanırken; ZBYÖ ile BDÖ (r=0,338) ve FOTÖ (r=0,235) ölçek puanları arasında yine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde pozitif yönlü düşük korelasyon bulunmuştur. Yapılan aşamalı çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucunda ise BDÖ toplam puanı ve eğitim ayının ZBYÖ toplam puanı üzerine pozitif yönde yordayıcı etkisi olduğu, FOTÖ-A, RDBÖ ve COPE alt ölçek toplam puanlarının ise ZBYÖ puanları üzerinde anlamlı yordayıcı etkisi olmadığı görülmüştür. Bakım yükü şiddetinin genel ruminatif düşünme biçimi ile işlevsel olmayan tutumlar ve ara inançlar tarafından yordanmadığını gösteren bulgularımız dikkate alındığında; bakım yükü üzerinde bilişsel süreçlerden ziyade davranışsal başa çıkma yöntemlerinin etkili olduğu ileri sürülebilir. Bakım veren bireylerde kaçınma davranışlarını hedef alan müdahalelerin kullanılması yaşam kalitesini arttırmada etkili olabilir.Parents of children with disabilities may have difficulty in adapting to the caregiving situation and this situation, called caregiver burden, has been reported to be related to coping styles. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between caregiver burden, depression levels and coping styles in caregivers of children with disability. 84 caregivers of children with disability who applied to special care center were included into the study between 1 March 2018 and 1 May 2018. Sociodemographic data form, Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS-A), Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) and COPE Inventory were applied to the participants. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. According to Pearson Correlation Analysis, while a statistically significant positive correlation was found between RTSQ and BDI (r=0.290), DAS-A (r=0.242) and COPE subscale scores; there was also a statistically significant low positive correlation between ZBI and BDI (r=0.338) and DAS-A (r=0.235). As a result of the multiple linear regression analysis, the BDI total score and the training duration had a positive predictive effect on the total score of ZBI while the total score of the DAS-A, RTSQ, and COPE subscales did not have a significant predictive effect on ZBI. Considering our findings shows that the caregiver burden levels are not predicted by general ruminative thinking and dysfunctional attitudes and intermediate beliefs; it can be said that behavioral coping methods are more effective than cognitive processes on caregiver burden. Interventions targeting avoidance behaviors in may be more effective in improving the quality of life in caregivers