ESR and 230Th/234U dating of speleothems from Aladaǧlar Mountain Range (AMR) in Turkey

Electron spin resonance (ESR) and Th/U ages of speleothem samples collected from karstic caves located around 3000m elevation in the Aladaǧlar Mountain Range (AMR), south-central Turkey, were determined in order to provide new insight and information regarding late Pleistocene climate. ESR ages were validated with the Th/U ages of test samples. The ESR ages of 21 different layers of six speleothem samples were found to range mostly between about 59 and 4ka, which cover the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stages (MIS) MIS 3 to MIS 1. Among all, only six layers appear to have deposited during MIS 8 and 5. Most of the samples dated were deposited during the late glacial stage (MIS 2). It appears that a cooler climate with a perennial and steady recharge was more conducive to speleothem development rather than a warmer climate with seasonal recharge in the AMR during the late Quaternary. This argument supports previous findings that suggest a two -fold increase in last glacial maximum mean precipitation in Turkey with respect to the present value

Effects of levobupivacaine on wound healing.

İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi.BACKGROUND: Local anesthetic infiltration along the incision may be used to provide surgical anesthesia or postoperative analgesia. However, the effect of local anesthetics on wound healing remains controversial. In this investigation, we evaluated the effects of levobupivacaine on wound healing. METHODS: Sixty Wistar albino female rats weighing 230 +/- 20 g were included, with 10 rats in each group: group early c (early control): 3 mL isotonic saline; group early I-1.25 (early levobupivacaine 1.25): 1.25 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine; group early I-2.5 (early levobupivacaine 2.5): 2.5 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine; group late c (late control): 3 mL isotonic saline; group late I-1.25 (late levobupivacaine 1.25): 1.25 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine; and group late I-2.5 (late levobupivacaine 2.5): 2.5 mg/kg per 3 mL levobupivacaine. Rats in groups early c to early I-2.5 were euthanized on the 8th day. Rats in groups late c to late I-2.5 were euthanized on the 21st day. Wound tension strength, tissue hydroxyproline, and fibrotic index levels of the tissue samples from the early c and early I-2.5 and late c and late I-2.5 groups, respectively, on the 8th and 21st days were examined. RESULTS: Levobupivacaine decreased wound tension strength on the 8th day, especially a 2.5 mg/kg dose (P < 0.001), and increased it on the 21st day (P < 0.001). It also increased the inflammatory response (P < 0.001) and collagen synthesis (8th day, P = 0.109; 21st day, P = 0.103) on both the 8th and 21st days. CONCLUSIONS: While levobupivacaine had a positive effect on wound healing during the early period, negative effects were observed thereafter. Additional studies at the molecular level are necessary to determine the cause of these apparently opposite effects

The concentration-dependent contractile effect of methylene blue in the human internal mammary artery: A quantitative approach to its use in the vasoplegic syndrome

Objective: To quantitate the contractile effect of methylene blue on isolated human internal mammary artery (IMA) as used in the vasoplegic syndrome

Effects of Levobupivacaine on Wound Healing

BACKGROUND: Local anesthetic infiltration along the incision may be used to provide surgical anesthesia or postoperative analgesia. However, the effect of local anesthetics on wound healing remains controversial. In this investigation, we evaluated the effects of levobupivacaine on wound healing