Product Tests in Virtual Reality: Lessons Learned during Collision Avoidance Development for Drones

Virtual reality (VR) and real-world simulations have become an important tool for product development, product design, and product tests. Product tests in VR have many advantages, such as reproducibility and shortened development time. In this paper, we investigate the virtual testing of a collision avoidance system for drones in terms of economic benefits. Our results show that virtual tests had both positive and negative effects on the development, with the positive aspects clearly predominating. In summary, the tests in VR shorten the development time and reduce risks and therefore costs. Furthermore, they offer possibilities not available in real-world tests. Nevertheless, real-world tests are still important

Фізичні властивості магнітних наночастинок упровідній матриці

Дисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню магніторезистивних і оптичних властивостей та газової чутливості приладових систем на основі масивів магнітних наночастинок (НЧ) NiFe2O4, СоFe2O4, Fe3O4 у провідній немагнітній матриці Ag або мультишарового графену. У роботі проаналізовано зв'язок між структурним станом НЧ і магніторезистивними, магнітооптичними та оптичними властивостями наноприладових систем. Встановлено механізми формування масивів спін-вентильних переходів при збільшенні товщини провідної матриці Ag від 5 до 20 нм і умов її температурної обробки (Тв = 600 К) та їх внесок у величину магнітоопору. Експериментально вивчено характер зміни електричного опору наноструктурованих шарів від умов температурної обробки (Тв = 1100 К) та досліджено вплив декорування поверхні мультишарового графену масивами НЧ NiFe2O4 для покращення чутливості до шкідливого газу NO2 на 40 %. Результати досліджень можуть бути використані як практичні рекомендації при побудові наноструктурованих чутливих елементів датчиків різного функціонального призначення.Диссертация посвящена комплексному исследованию магниторезистивных и оптических свойств, газовой чувствительности приборных систем на основе массивов магнитных наночастиц (НЧ) NiFe2O4, СоFe2O4, Fe3O4 в проводящей немагнитной матрице Ag или мультислойного графена (МСГ). В работе изучены особенности и условия формирования двухмерных наноструктур из наночастиц и мультислойного графена на подложках SiO2 (500 нм) / Si (001) с использованием методик спин-коатинга и Ленгмюра – Блоджетт. Проанализирована связь между структурным состоянием НЧ и магниторезистивными, магнитооптическими и оптическими свойствами наноприборных систем. Установлены зависимости оптических параметров от характера распределения массивов наночастиц или фрагментов МСГ на подложке. Установлены механизмы формирования массивов спин-вентильных переходов при увеличении толщины проводящей матрицы Ag от 5 до 20 нм и условий ее температурной обработки (То = 600 К) и их вклад в величину магнитосопротивления. Разработана теоретическая модель, позволяющая оценить величину вклада рассеивания электронов на ферромагнитных частицах в электрическое сопротивление массивов магнитных наночастиц в проводящей матрице Ag до и после еѐ термообработки (То = 600 К). Экспериментально изучен характер изменения электрического сопротивления наноструктурированных слоев от условий температурной обработки (То = 1100 К) и исследовано влияние декорирования поверхности мультислойного графена массивами наночастиц NiFe2O4 для улучшения чувствительности к вредному газу NO2 на 40 %, а также предложен механизм взаимодействия чувствительного материала приборных структур и газа NO2. Исследовано влияние температуры (То = 1100 К) на величину газовой чувствительности МСГ и установлены оптимальные условия термообработки для получения наиболее эффективных чувствительных элементов с минимальным уровнем шума. Изучено влияние размеров фрагментов МСГ на газовую чувствительность датчиков на их основе. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы как практические рекомендации при построении наноструктурированных чувствительных элементов датчиков разного функционального назначения.The thesis is devoted to the complex investigation of magnetoresistive and optical properties and sensitivity to gases of instrumentation systems based on arrays of nanoparticles (NP) NiFe2O4, СоFe2O4, Fe3O4 in Ag conductive matrix or multilayered graphene. In this work an interconnection between the structural features of the NP and magnetoresistive, magnetooptical and optical properties of instrumentation systems was analyzed. The mechanisms of formation of arrays of spin-valve junctions while increasing the thickness of Ag conductive matrix from 5 to 20 nm, conditions of it temperature treatment and their influence on the value of magnetoresistance were established. Electrical resistance changes of nanostructured layers depends on conditions of thermal treatment (Tt = 1100 K) were experimentally studied and an effect of decoration of multilayered graphene by arrays of NiFe2O4 NPs for increasing of sensitivity to NO2 gas by 40% was investigated. The results of research can be utilized as practical recommendation while develop the nanostructured sensitive elements of the sensors with different functional purposes

Recovery of reduced thiol groups by superoxide-mediated denitrosation of nitrosothiols

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Recovery of reduced thiol groups by superoxide-mediated denitrosation of nitrosothiols

Nitrosation of critical thiols has been elaborated as reversible posttranslational modification with regulatory function in multiple disorders. Reversibility of S-nitrosation is generally associated with enzyme-mediated one-electron reductions, catalyzed by the thioredoxin system, or by nitrosoglutathione reductase. In the present study, we confirm previous evidence for a non-enzymatic de-nitrosation of nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) by superoxide. The interaction leads to the release of nitric oxide that subsequently interacts with a second molecule of superoxide (O2•−) to form peroxynitrite. Despite the formation of peroxynitrite, approximately 40–70% of GSNO yielded reduced glutathione (GSH), depending on the applied analytical assay. The concept of O2•− dependent denitrosation was then applied to S-nitrosated enzymes. S-nitrosation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH; NADP+-dependent) was accompanied by an inhibition of the enzyme and could be reversed by dithiothreitol. Treatment of nitrosated ICDH with O2•− indicated ca. 50% recovery of enzyme activity. Remaining inhibition was largely consequence of oxidative modifications evoked either by O2•− or by peroxynitrite. Recovery of activity in S-nitrosated enzymes by O2•− appears relevant only for selected examples. In contrast, recovery of reduced glutathione from the interaction of GSNO with O2•− could represent a mechanism to regain reducing equivalents in situations of excess O2•− formation, e.g. in the reperfusion phase after ischemia

Expression of human thromboxane synthase using a baculovirus system

AbstractHuman thromboxane (TX) synthase (EC 5.3.99.5) was produced by the baculovirus expression system using cDNA encoding human TX synthase [(1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 78, 1479-1484]. A recombinant baculovirus TXS7 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells. The expressed protein was recognized by monoclonal antibody, Kon 7 raised against human TX synthase [(1990) Blood 76, 80-85]. The recombinant TX synthase catalyzed the conversion of prostaglandin (PG) H2 to TXA2 and 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT). Both conversions of PGH2 to TXA2 and HHT by the expressed TX synthase were completely inhibited by a specific TX synthase inhibitor, OKY-046 (5 μM)

Expression of human thromboxane synthase using a baculovirus system

AbstractHuman thromboxane (TX) synthase (EC 5.3.99.5) was produced by the baculovirus expression system using cDNA encoding human TX synthase [(1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 78, 1479-1484]. A recombinant baculovirus TXS7 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells. The expressed protein was recognized by monoclonal antibody, Kon 7 raised against human TX synthase [(1990) Blood 76, 80-85]. The recombinant TX synthase catalyzed the conversion of prostaglandin (PG) H2 to TXA2 and 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT). Both conversions of PGH2 to TXA2 and HHT by the expressed TX synthase were completely inhibited by a specific TX synthase inhibitor, OKY-046 (5 μM)

An automated Fpg-based FADU method for the detection of oxidative DNA lesions and screening of antioxidants

The oxidation of guanine to 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) is one of the most abundant and best studied oxidative DNA lesions and is commonly used as a biomarker for oxidative stress. Over the last decades, various methods for the detection of DNA oxidation products have been established and optimized. However, some of them lack sensitivity or are prone to artifact formation, while others are time-consuming, which hampers their application in screening approaches. In this study, we present a formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (Fpg)-based method to detect oxidative lesions in isolated DNA using a modified protocol of the automated version of the fluorimetric detection of alkaline DNA unwinding (FADU) method, initially developed for the measurement of DNA strand breaks (Moreno-Villanueva et al., 2009. BMC Biotechnol. 9, 39). The FADU-Fpg method was validated using a plasmid DNA model, mimicking mitochondrial DNA, and the results were correlated to 8-oxo-dG levels as measured by LC–MS/MS. The FADU-Fpg method can be applied to analyze the potential of compounds to induce DNA strand breaks and oxidative lesions, as exemplified here by treating plasmid DNA with the peroxynitrite-generating molecule Sin-1. Moreover, this method can be used to screen DNA-protective effects of antioxidant substances, as exemplified here for a small-molecule, i.e., uric acid, and a protein, i.e., manganese superoxide dismutase, both of which displayed a dose-dependent protection against the generation of oxidative DNA lesions. In conclusion, the automated FADU-Fpg method offers a rapid and reliable measurement for the detection of peroxynitrite-mediated DNA damage in a cell-free system, rendering it an ideal method for screening the DNA-protective effects of antioxidant compounds.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant BU 698/6-1)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant ES002109)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant CA026731