Integrating Curriculum: Developing Student Autonomy In Learning In Higher Education

The need to combine social constructivist activities with cognitive constructivist ones has emerged which incorporates personalized learning approaches. Characteristics of education and educational institutions of the third millennium indicate that flexibility, inclusiveness, collaboration, authenticity, relevance and extended institutional boundaries are the leading features of superior education. While educational goals have changed and expanded to incorporate lifelong learning, global interaction, the attainment of meta-cognitive knowledge and abilities, so did the role of both students and teachers (Felix, 2005). This study is about various techniques used in curriculum development, teaching and assessment, one of which is the negotiated curricula. How to integrate this phenomenon of the learning and teaching literature into curriculum and its influence on students’ active learning is presented

A Risky Mode Of Foreign Market Entry: International Portfolio Investments

There are various forms of entrance into foreign markets, varying in magnitude and direction of risks which may endanger either the investor or the host country. Some of the foreign market entry modes involve just financial investments with almost no risks, such as international portfolio investments, whilst others require an additional commitment from the investor’s part. This two-fold investment style; that is, money only versus money plus varied amounts of dedication, makes up the magnitude of the risk involved. While the former (money on shares only) may be considered unconventional, the latter (i.e., money plus commitment) entails traditional modes of foreign market entry. This study examines international portfolio investments, also called hot money, as a viable and unconventional foreign market entry alternative, triggered by the forces of globalization. Accordingly, the authors’ point of view indicates a departure from conventional foreign market entry mode literature and draws on the resource based view (RBV) and eclectic theory of internationalization

Conceptions Of Learning: An Exploratory Study In The Context Of Marketing Students

This study investigates marketing three phenomena. First authors examine student’s approaches to studying and learning, then they explore their conceptions of learning, and they finally delve into teacher’s perceptions of student’s learning. Authors recast the conceptions of learning literature in which they classify simplifiers, accountants, utilitarians, curious, philosophers, and finally intellectuals. Results indicate that the categorization of student’s conceptions and approaches to learning appears to be internally consistent. Authors additionally propose a conceptual model according to the results of their qualitative research indicating the relationship between students’ conceptions of learning and their approaches to studying

From Selection To Termination: An Investigation Of Advertising Agency/Client Relationships

It is a fact of corporate life that firms now and again change their advertising agencies. Therefore the first objective of this study is to analyze the mixed and overlapping dimensions of the selection, evaluation, and termination processes. The second objective is to identify the differences that exist in evaluation criteria by comparing both parties to the relationship.  This exploratory and descriptive study attempts to understand the interactions from a theoretical background of organizational relations literature, namely, transaction cost theory, network theory, and resource based view (RBV).  An important managerial implication of this study is that it gives a clearer picture of similarities and discrepancies in the views held by both parties in the client firm and advertising agency context. The results of this study indicate that it is important for both parties to understand that both the client and the agency may have different reasons for making their respective decisions

To Delegate Or Not To Delegate? That Is The Question Of Pricing Authority

The burning issue of delegating pricing authority to the sales force is of interest to marketing academics as well as practitioners in a wide variety of consumer, industrial and institutional marketing situations. There are many studies which examine the decision to delegate ultimate pricing authority (PA) to the sales force. Additionally the marketing literature encompasses many theoretical rationales for giving sales personnel authority to set prices. Conversely there are also empirical research outcomes that debate the opposite scenario, asserting that giving salespeople the highest degree of pricing authority engendered the lowest sales and profit results. It is difficult to find any study which has investigated or explored this issue from the salesperson’s point of view. In this study, we examine the perception of the sales force on the price authority they have been given. Supported by the sales motivation theory, we, specifically, examine the sales force perception of the decentralized (delegated) price authority to them and perceived firm performance

Fukuyama's End Of History Thesis: Are Western Marketing Theories The End Point Of Marketing Theory Evolution?

This paper is an exploratory literature review of western management and marketing philosophies which are increasingly dominating the theory and practice across the world. Applying Fukuyama’s argument that western liberal democracy is the end point of political history to management and marketing philosophies, this paper examines whether western marketing and management theories are the final outcome of marketing and management evolution that can be universally accepted and practiced. A review of the current literature relating to the globalization debate suggests that globalization recognizes both the differences and the similarities in countries that should be taken into account in appropriately approaching business across borders. Since developing countries have differing socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, this reality provides a justification for investigating whether western marketing and management philosophies are deemed appropriate in the context of developing countries. An examination of the trends in developing countries, such as India and China, in the development and application of indigenous management theories provides a basis for arguing that western marketing and management philosophies may not be the final point of marketing and management evolution in some developing countries. Several research questions are raised in this paper for further exploration and it aims to stimulate debate on the current state of marketing theory evolution

Effects of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery on Olfactory and Taste Functions

Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that olfactory function was impaired in patients, who underwent on-pump CABG in the postoperative period, and significant impairment in taste function was present in neither off-pump nor on-pump CABG patients. However, the results of our study should be supported by more comprehensive, prospective, randomized controlled trials with more extensive patient series and by further tests

Choice Overload during Travel Decision Making for Self vs. Other

It has been a common belief that major accomplishments of modern societies and developed economies are evidenced through providing more choices and varieties for consumers. Economists and conventional wisdom believe that having more choices maximises utility (Broniarczyk, 2008); thus, people should prefer to have as many options as possible to make informed decisions. In psychology and marketing literature, having more choices is argued to help increase well-being, satisfy diverse consumer needs (Dworkin, 1982), increase purchase and consumption (Koelemeijer & Oppewal, 1999), reduce search costs (Hutchinson, 2005), and enhance personal freedom of choice (Schwartz, 2004). In contrast, recent studies has reported negative impacts when the number of choices increases (Scheibehenne, Greifeneder, & Todd, 2009). This phenomenon is named as choice overload effect, hypothesizing that when facing too many options, decision-makers experience cognitive overload that leads to negative perceptions (Schwartz, 2004). Research has provided evidence that choice overload leads to cognitive dissonance (Anderson, Taylor, & Holloway, 1966), dissatisfaction (Iyengar & Lepper, 2000; Reutskaja & Hogarth, 2009), post-decision regret (Carmon, Wertenbroch, & Zeelenberg, 2003), demotivation to purchase (Shah & Wolford, 2007), and choice withdrawal (Dhar, 1997; Iyengar & Jiang, 2003; Park & Jang, 2013). Due to these contradictory findings about the effects of choice overload, this paper suggests two propositions: (1) choice overload exists in high-involvement contexts such as selecting a vacation destination, and (2) choice overload during making travel decision for self vs. for other

Can Haptic Inputs Mitigate Choice Overload?

This paper investigates the effects of haptic inputs on consumers\u27 preference for large assortments after selecting an option from different assortment sizes. Our experiments reveal that physically touching and imagining touching (i.e., haptic imagery), compared to the control (i.e., no-touch) condition, eliminate adverse effects caused by large assortments. A moderate, but not high, level of touch frequency is required to reduce perceived difficulty and increase preference for large assortments when being exposed to large (vs. small) assortments. These findings expand our current understanding of the literature on haptic and choice overload

When too many anti-consumption opportunities lead to anti-consumption of anti-consumption

A petition is a document signed by numerous people, announcing a demand that requires a corporation or public entity to take an action to remedy a transgression via essential course of practices. Signing a petition to support a positive cause or a boycott call, as an upshot of a negative cause worth boycotting, may be less taxing for consumers than partaking in boycotts organized by boycott organizers. Thanks to the internet and social media, hundreds of thousands of online petitions are created worldwide each year with millions of signatures supporting various causes (Antonetti & Manika, 2017; Wright, 2016). This raises a question as to whether such increases in requests to boycott positively or negatively impact consumers\u27 willingness to enact anti-consumption. This study explores the effect of choice overload on consumers signing a petition in support of a boycott call