A comprehensive program for textual concordances and statistics

Literary research tool can provide concordance and many other textual statistics relating to authorship or sequence of composition. Mechanical text manipulation provides wide variety of text formats and conventions (such as upper case). This program is written in FORTRAN H for use on IBM-360 computer

Collective Decision Making as the Actualization of Decision Potential

This paper presents some characteristics and dilemmas of collective decision making. Collective decision making could be presented as the process of successive crystallization of dominant alternatives under the influence of different decision contexts from primary given decision potentials. This process is presented as the many-phased process of the acting of contextually dependent "energizing factors" of the collective decision making on the "attractiveness matrix" of outcomes of collective decisions. The attractiveness matrix determines the attractiveness for each alternative of decision, and the most attractive alternative in the given situation presents the rational decision in the given situation. In the final phase of decision making holds a context which gets a simplified attractiveness matrix. It corresponds to the common decision for one of the alternatives.collective decision making, rationality, decision potential, joint outcomes, energizing

From phrase structure to dependencies, and back

Transforming constituent-based annotation into dependency-based annotation has been shown to work for different treebanks and annotation schemes (e.g. Lin (1995) has transformed the Penn treebank, and Kübler and Telljohann (2002) the Tübinger Baumbank des Deutschen (TüBa-D/Z)). These ventures are usually triggered by the conflict between theory-neutral annotation, that targets most needs of a wider audience, and theory-specific annotation, that provides more fine-grained information for a smaller audience. As a compromise, it has been pointed out that treebanks can be designed to support more than one theory from the start (Nivre, 2003). We argue that information can also be added to an existing annotation scheme so that it supports additional theory-specific annotations. We also argue that such a transformation is useful for improving and extending the original annotation scheme with respect to both ambiguous annotation and annotation errors. We show this by analysing problems that arise when generating dependency information from the constituent-based TüBa-D/Z

Orbital Dependent Exchange-Only Methods for Periodic Systems

Various orbital-dependent exchange-only potentials are studied which exhibit correct long-range asymptotic behaviour. We present the first application of these potentials for polymers and by one of these potentials for molecules. Kohn-Sham type calculations have been carried out for polyethylene in order to make valuable comparison of these potentials with each other as well as with Hartree-Fock and exchange-only LDA methods. The Kohn-Sham band gap obtained with the optimized effective potetial method is corrected with the exchange contribution to the derivative discontinuity of the exchange-correlation potential. The corrected band gap obtained with the Slater's exchange potential is 9.7 eV close to the experiment.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Phys. Rev. B60, 1999, in pres

Calculation of Unsteady Loudness in the Presence of Gaps Through Application of the Multiple Look Theory

Experimental studies have shown that for short gaps between 2 to 5 ms, the perceived loudness is higher than for uninterrupted noise presented to the ear. Other studies have also shown that the present temporal integration models for the calculation of time varying loudness do not adequately account for short duration phenomena. It has been proposed that the multiple look approach is a more applicable method for describing these short term circumstances. This approach breaks a sound into small durations or looks having length of 1 ms which allows for the intelligent processing of the looks and decision making depending on the nature of the stimulus. However, present technologies (i.e. FFT) are not adequate to deal with short duration sounds across the entire frequency spectra. A compromised approach is taken here to account for perceived loudness levels for sounds in the presence of gaps while using an integration model. This approach is referred to as a multiple look gap adjustment model. A model and software code was developed to take a recorded sound presented to the ear and process it into individual looks which are then examined for the presence of gaps ranging in length between 1 to 10 ms. If gaps are found, an appropriate gap adjustment is applied to the sound. The modified stimulus is subsequently evaluated for loudness level using a model which relies on temporal integration. The multiple look model was tested using several sounds including mechanical and speech sounds and was found to perform as intended. While recommendations for improvement and further study are included, the application of the model has shown particular merit for perceptional analysis of sounds involving speech

In Search of Stars: Network Formation among Heterogeneous Agents

This paper reports the results of a laboratory experiments on network formation among heterogeneous agents. The experimental design extends the basic Bala-Goyal (2000) model of network formation with decay and two-way flow of benefits by allowing for agents with lower linking costs or higher benefits to others. We consider treatments where agents’ types are common knowledge and treatments where agents’ types are private information. In all treatments, the (efficient) equilibrium network has a “star” structure. We find that with homogeneous agents, equilibrium predictions fail completely. In Contrast, with heterogeneous agents stars frequently occur, often with the high-value or low- cost agent in the center. Stars are not borne but rather develop: in treatments with a high-value agents, the network’s centrality, stability, and efficiency all increase over time. Our results suggest that agents’ heterogeneity is a major determinant for the predominance of star-like structures in real-life social networks.microeconomics ;

Kann etwas Rotes zugleich grün sein?

Ich analysiere die "syntaktische" Lösung Wittgensteins der\ud apriorischen Farbensätze aus den späten zwanziger und\ud dreißiger Jahren. Wittgenstein versuchte, den Farbensatz\ud "Etwas kann nicht zugleich Grün und Rot sein" als einen\ud Scheinsatz darzustellen, der eine bestimmte syntaktische\ud Unmöglichkeit ausdrückt, doch dieser Versuch ist nicht\ud gelungen, denn man muß die apriorische Wahrheit des\ud Farbensatzes dabei schon in irgendeiner Weise voraussetzen.\ud Auch die Kritik Wittgensteins an der Deutung der\ud Farbensätze bei Husserl stimmt nicht, denn Wittgenstein\ud hat darin die logische und die apriorische (Un)möglichkeit\ud der Farbenunterschiede gleichgesetzt. Viele andere Versuche\ud der "analytischen" Deutung dieses Satzes sind\ud ebenso mißglückt

Some Reflections on the Possibility of Naturalizing the Mind

The article examines whether it is possible to provide a coherent naturalist account of the emergence of the mind (spirit), construed as a plethora of mental abilities that are present in living beings. I analyze Bateson’s information-system theory of mind, Peirce’s theory of semiotics, and some biosemiotic proposals. All of these conceptions fail to provide a plausible theoretical explanation of the emergence of the mind, particularly (i) the emergence of the interpreters of signs, and (ii) the emergence of the experiential perspective out of the non-living nature. I argue for a hypothesis based on the idea of the trans-objective perspectivity dimension, i.e. the real possibility of acquiring a more or less distinctive experiential perspective in the form of like-to-be-X for all sufficiently developed natural entities. Taking on an experiential perspective also entails a greater sensitivity to not only actual, but also potential events, e.g. a greater sensitivity to everything that can be “useful” or “harmful” to the system in question

Enhancing Cross border Crime Investigations through the Application of Mother tongue

This article explores the benefits of using mothertongue languages in cross-border criminal investigations It highlights the importance of linguistic ability and cultural awareness in detecting international crimes Mother-tongue languages can improve information accuracy trust and communication However they can also lead to communication breakdowns language barriers and incorrect interpretation of evidence The article also discusses the challenges of using dominant languages such as resource requirements technology s role in multilingual communication and legal and ethical requirements The article concludes that embracing linguistic diversity in law enforcement can improve investigations promote cooperation and enhance community safety and securit