55 research outputs found
Intracameral Injection of Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Neovascular Glaucoma
Purpose: To assess the duration of the effect of intracameral bevacizumab in patients presenting with rubeosis iridis and neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 24 consecutive eyes of 24 patients with decompensated NVG (> 21 mm Hg) treated with a single intracameral injection of bevacizumab over a minimum follow-up of 6 months. The endpoint of the study was the need for retreatment due to recurrence of raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Secondary outcome was the course of visual acuity (VA) and IOP over 6 months. Results: A Kaplan-Meier calculation revealed a mean duration of the treatment effect of 23 +/- 4.4 days. Compared to mean IOP before treatment (26.3 mm Hg), decreases to 17.5 mm Hg at 1 week after treatment (p < 0.002) and to 17.1 mm Hg (p < 0.005) at 6 months following a single injection were seen. At 6 months, additional treatment was performed in 87.5% (n = 21) of eyes. VA remained stable or improved in 75% (n = 18) of all cases. Conclusion: The IOP-lowering effect of intracameral bevacizumab can be seen 1 week after the injection, but is limited to a period of approximately 3 weeks. However, the fast and effective response to intracameral bevacizumab injection opens a time window for additional treatments, which are often necessary. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base
Central serous chorioretinopathy
The pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is still not fully understood. The involvement of corticosteroids is undisputed, although their exact role has not been clarified; other parts of the underlying mechanism of CSC have been mainly elucidated by imaging techniques such as fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Even though most cases of CSC are self-limiting, severe as well as recurrent courses exist, and for these patients only a limited number of treatment options are available: laser photocoagulation, with a risk of scotoma and choroidal neovascularization, and photodynamic therapy. In this review article, we give an overview of its epidemiology, the current understanding of its pathogenesis as well as systemic and ocular risk factors. We illuminate modern diagnostic tools as well as current treatment options in the context of CSC, particularly in the light of a better understanding of corticosteroids and their receptors involved in its pathogenesis
Alpha-Lipoic Acid for the Prevention of Diabetic Macular Edema
Introduction: To evaluate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on the occurrence of diabetic macular edema. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, multinational study. Patients were randomized to the treatment group with 600 mg ALA per day or the placebo group. Every 6 months stereo fundus photographs, HbA1c levels, and an ophthalmological examination were documented. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of clinically significant macular edema (CSME) within a follow-up period of 2 years. Results: We randomized 235 patients with type II diabetes mellitus into the treatment group (mean age 58.0 years) and 232 into the placebo group (mean age 57.9 years). Mean HbA1c level was 8.1, with no significant differences between the treatment (mean 8.2, SD +/- 1.35) and placebo groups (mean 8.1, SD +/- 1.29). HbA1c values remained constant over time. In the treatment and placebo groups, 84 and 86 patients (35.7 and 37.1%) had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with a median duration of diabetes of 9.3 versus 9.0 years in the placebo group. Visual acuity remained unchanged during the entire trial. Concerning the primary endpoint, the study provided a negative result, i.e. 26/235 patients in the treatment group and 30/232 patients in the placebo group developed CSME. Confirmatory intention-to-treat analysis of the primary endpoint revealed no statistically significant difference between groups (log-rank test, p = 0.7108, HR = 0.9057 with CI = 0.5355-1.5317). Median follow-up was identical (2.00 years). Conclusions: A daily dosage of 600 mg ALA does not prevent the occurrence of CSME in IDDM patients. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Base
Comparison of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Upload Followed by a Dexamethasone Implant versus Dexamethasone Implant Monotherapy for Retinal Vein Occlusion with Macular Edema
Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of three intravitreal bevacizumab upload injections followed by a dexamethasone implant versus dexamethasone implant monotherapy in eyes with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion. Methods: Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients were included in this prospective, consecutive, nonrandomized case series: group 1 consisted of 38 patients (22 with central retinal vein occlusion, CRVO, 16 with branch retinal vein occlusion, BRVO) treated using a dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) alone; group 2 consisted of 26 patients (14 CRVO, 12 BRVO) treated with three consecutive intravitreal bevacizumab injections at monthly intervals followed by a dexamethasone implant. In case of recurrence, both cohorts received further dexamethasone implants. Preoperatively and monthly best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, ETDRS), central retinal thickness (Spectralis-OCT), intraocular pressure, and wide-angle fundus photodocumentation (Optomap) were performed. The primary clinical endpoint was BCVA at 6 months after initiation of therapy. Secondary endpoints were central retinal thickness and safety of the therapy applied. Results: In group 1, an increase in BCVA of 2.5 (+/- 1.6) letters in the CRVO and of 13.0 (+/- 3.2) letters in BRVO patients was seen after 6 months, in group 2 of 5.9 (+/- 0.4) letters (CRVO) and 3.8 (+/- 2.4) letters (BRVO), which was not statistically significant. When comparing the two treatment groups with respect to the type of vein occlusion, there was a significant advantage for BRVO patients for the dexamethasone implant monotherapy (BRVO patients in group 1, p = 0.005). Central retinal thickness showed a significant reduction after 6 months only in patients of group 1, both for CRVO (p = 0.01) and BRVO (p = 0.003). First recurrence after the first dexamethasone implant injection occurred after 3.8 months (mean) in CRVO and 3.5 months in BRVO patients (group 1), versus 3.2 and 3.7 months, respectively, in group 2. In group 1, 63.6% with CRVO and 50% with BRVO showed an increased intraocular pressure after treatment; in group 2, 57.1% with CRVO and 50.0% with BRVO, respectively. Conclusion: In CRVO, there was no difference between the two treatment strategies investigated. However, in BRVO, dexamethasone implant monotherapy was associated with better functional outcome. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base
Comparison of Intravitreal Bevacizumab versus Triamcinolone for the Treatment of Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema
Background: Our purpose was to compare the effect of triamcinolone and bevacizumab (Avastin) on the retinal thickness and functional outcome in patients with diabetic macular edema. Methods and Materials: A collective of 32 patients, who had been treated by a single 4.0-mg intravitreal triamcinolone injection (group 1), was matched to 32 patients ('matched pairs'), who had received 3 injections of 1.25 mg of bevacizumab within 3 months in 4-week intervals (group 2). The outcome variables were changes in best corrected visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness 3 months after therapy. Results: Both groups did not differ regarding preoperative VA and central retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. The baseline mean VA was 0.72 +/- 0.39 logMAR in group 1 and 0.73 +/- 0.39 logMAR in group 2 (p = 0.709). The mean central retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography was 548 +/- 185 mu m in group 1 and 507 +/- 192 mu m in group 2. While the patients in group 1 experienced a slight increase in VA of on average 0.7 lines following a single triamcinolone injection to a mean of 0.64 +/- 0.40 logMAR (p = 0.066) after 3 months, the patients in group 2 showed almost no effect on VA with an average increase of 0.2 lines to a mean VA of 0.72 +/- 0.30 logMAR (p = 0.948) following 3 intravitreal injections of bevacizumab. Comparing the effect on VA between both groups no statistically significant difference (p = 0.115) was noted. Concerning decrease in central retinal thickness both therapies were highly effective (p < 0.001 each), again, without statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.128). Conclusion: Our data suggest that a single triamcinolone injection may be as effective as a 3 times repeated intravitreal administration of bevacizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Further prospective trials should be performed. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Base
Sorafenib prevents human retinal pigment epithelium cells from light-induced overexpression of VEGF, PDGF and PlGF
Background
Cumulative light exposure is significantly associated with progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor is the main target of current antiangiogenic treatment strategies in AMD. However, other growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and placenta growth factor (PlGF), have a substantial impact on development of AMD. Previous reports indicate that sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, might have beneficial effects on exudative AMD. This study investigates the effects of sorafenib on light-induced overexpression of growth factors in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Methods
Primary human RPE cells were exposed to white light and incubated with sorafenib. Viability, expression, and secretion of VEGF-A, PDGF-BB, and PlGF and their mRNA were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
Results
Light exposure decreased cell viability and increased expression and secretion of VEGF-A, PDGF-BB and PlGF. These light-induced effects were significantly reduced when cells were treated with sorafenib at a dose of 1 mu g/ml.
Conclusion
The results show that sorafenib has promising properties as a potential antiangiogenic treatment for AMD
Особенности формирования структуры зоны термического влияния в малоуглеродистой конструкционной стали при многопроходной вневакуумной электронно-лучевой наплавке
В работе представлены результаты исследования влияния многопроходной вневакуумной электронно-лучевой наплавки порошком стали 10Р6М5+30%WC на структуру и свойства зоны термического влияния стали 20. In work results of studies of the effect multipass non-vakuum electron beam of surfacing steel powder 10Р6М5+30%WC on a structure and properties of heat affected zone steel 20
Laser treatment in diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in developed countries due to macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). For both complications laser treatment may offer proven therapy: the Diabetic Retinopathy Study demonstrated that panretinal scatter photocoagulation reduces the risk of severe visual loss by >= 50% in eyes with high-risk characteristics. Pan-retinal scatter coagulation may also be beneficial in other PDR and severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) under certain conditions. For clinically significant macular edema the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study could show that immediate focal laser photocoagulation reduces the risk of moderate visual loss by at least 50%. When and how to perform laser treatment is described in detail, offering a proven treatment for many problems associated with diabetic retinopathy based on a high evidence level. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
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