La analogía provocativa como estrategia pedagógica : el caso histórico de la mecánica de fluidos

Este artículo estudia el razonamiento analógico en la génesis histórica de la mecánica de fluidos para poder desarrollar estrategias pedagógicas eficaces en este ámbito. En los textos funda¬cionales de los Bernoulli se han identificado analogías interesantes para el aula porque desempeñan un rol esencial en la creatividad. Estas analogías superan la definición mínima de carácter expediente aportando contenido explicativo a la modelización del problema. Como la ciencia cognitiva clásica ha reducido su investigación al carácter expediente, se discutirán recientes estudios sobre analogías cerca-nas o sobre el refinamiento de la analogía donde esta adopta diferentes roles respecto a la construcción del modelo. Así, se verá que la analogía puede provocar nuevos esquemas mentales en la concepción de un problema en la mente de un experto y trazar en consecuencia una estrategia para enseñar siguiendo ese razonamiento.Aquest article estudia el raonament analògic en la gènesi històrica de la mecànica de fluids per poder desenvolupar estratègies pedagògiques eficaces en aquest àmbit. En els textos fundacionals dels Bernoulli s'han identificat analogies interessants per a l'aula perquè exerceixen un rol essencial en la creativitat. Aquestes analogies superen la definició mínima de caràcter expedient aportant contingut explicatiu a la modelització del problema. Com la ciència cognitiva clàssica ha reduït la seva recerca al caràcter expedient, es discutiran recents estudis sobre analogies a properes o sobre el refinament de l'analogia on aquesta adopta diferents rols respecte a la construcció del model. Així, es veurà que l'analogia pot provocar nous esquemes mentals en la concepció d'un problema en la ment d'un expert i traçar en conseqüència una estratègia per ensenyar seguint aquest raonament.The aim of this article is to study the analogical reasoning in the historical genesis of fluid mechanics in order to develop efficient pedagogical strategies in this area. The foundational texts of the Bernoullis offer interesting examples for classroom because the identified analogies play an essential role in creativity. These get over the minimum definition of expedient character provi¬ding explanatory content to theoretical modelling. Since the classical cognitive science has reduced its research to the expedient role, studies on literal analogies or on the refinement of analogies will be discussed in which analogy adopts different roles in relation to the construction of the model. Thus, we will see that analogy may activate new mental schemas in the conception of a historical problem in the mind of an expert and, consequently, lay down a strategy to teach following this reasoning

Arrazonamendu analogikoa fisika modernoan: inbariantza eta simetria

In this critical notice we discuss the rale of analogical reasoning in some important fields of modern physics. We do that by analyzing the heuristic relevance of invariance and symmetry, especially of the latter, following van Fraassen's epistemological formulation ofthe Symmetry Principies

Analogia fisikarien sormenean

General topics on analogical reasoning are described in this text, in which the creativity of physicist will be studied by means of different examples. In the first part, some philosophical views will be exposed and briefly discussed about the centrality of analogy in scientific creativity. In a historical view, the second part, will describe the classical approach towards analogy realized by cognitive scientists in order to compare this generally accepted background with recent contributions to the issue. Here I will emphasize the importance of spontaneous and generative analogies in comparison with constructed analogical sources. In the light of the possibility of the mentioned spontaneity, I will finally show some creative historical cases of famous physicists focusing on certain properties and roles of analogy: generalization, catachresis and internal structure of analogical reasoning

Analogia fisikarien sormenean

General topics on analogical reasoning are described in this text, in which the creativity of physicist will be studied by means of different examples. In the first part, some philosophical views will be exposed and briefly discussed about the centrality of analogy in scientific creativity. In a historical view, the second part, will describe the classical approach towards analogy realized by cognitive scientists in order to compare this generally accepted background with recent contributions to the issue. Here I will emphasize the importance of spontaneous and generative analogies in comparison with constructed analogical sources. In the light of the possibility of the mentioned spontaneity, I will finally show some creative historical cases of famous physicists focusing on certain properties and roles of analogy: generalization, catachresis and internal structure of analogical reasoning

Matematikaren ikuspegi kategorialetik Gorpuztutako Matematikaren ikuspegira

Saunders Mac Lane asked why mathematics has got the branches it has. The foundations of set theory do not explain properly the most important features of mathematical structure. We should not search on forms but on human activities and culture in order to explain that structure and its branches. In this way we can also answer why mathematics works so suitably in the understanding of reality: because it comes from the human activity in reality. Developing this view Lakoff and Nuñez have proposed a finer cognitive perspective of the issue, where mathematical reasoning is based in perceptual@motor and image schemas of the embodied mind. Thus Platonist philosophy of mathematics and its '"dangerous consequences'" are strongly attacked. 1 will finish this critical notice commenting some weaknesses of the view and the role diagrams play in connection with Embodied Mathematics

Erlatibitate berezia. Einsteinen galdera eta erantzuna 1905eko fisikari

1905 was a miracolous year for Physics. This paper intends to take a look at what happened then