Liquid organic hydrogen carriers:Process design and economic analysis for manufacturing N-ethylcarbazole

This paper revisits the economics of manufacturing N-ethylcarbazole (NEC), a strong candidate for large-scale liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) supply chains, because of its high H2 storage capacity (6 wt%), selective hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, and favorable reaction enthalpy and reaction temperatures compared to other LOHC systems. Two different process routes for producing NEC from industrial chemicals are selected out of 10 possible options: one using aniline and the other using cyclohexanone and nitrobenzene as feedstock. The required capital and operational costs are estimated to determine a NEC break-even cost for a capacity of 225 ktpa. NEC break-even costs of $3.0 and$2.6 per kg LOHC are found for the routes. This is significantly less than the $40/kg cost that has generally been reported in literature for NEC, thus improving the economic viability of using NEC as LOHC. The total fixed capital costs are estimated to be$200 MM and $250 MM. Furthermore, the prices of the feedstock show the largest influence (76$0.77–$0.90 per kg H2 for a 60-day roundtrip and$0.09–$0.10 per kg H2 for a 7-day roundtrip. It is important to note that both routes rely heavily on laboratory scale data and the corresponding assumptions that stem from this limitation. Therefore, this research can serve as a guide to future experimental studies into validating the key assumptions made for this analysis.</p

Molecular characterization of species and populations of Meloidogyne from various geographic origins with repeated-DNA homologous probes

Summary -Sixteen populations from various geographic origins, mostly belonging to the four economical major species of iVfeloidogyne, were characterized by analyzing the restriction fragment length polymorphism obtained after digestion and hybridization of their total DNA with labelled homologous probes. These probes were repeated sequences isolated at random from a genomic Iibrary constructed with DNA of M. incogniLa « Côte d&apos;Ivoire&quot; juveniles. The results revealed taxonomically useful differences in the number and position of restriction fragments, both between species and populations. Moreover, we have observed species-specific profiles for the three main species, M. incogniLa, M. arenaria and M. javanica. Résumé -Caractérisation moléculaire d&apos;espèces et de populations de Meloidogyne d&apos;origines géographiques variées à l&apos;aide de sondes homologues d&apos;ADN génomique répété -Seize populations de Meloidogyne, appartenant principalement aux quatre espèces d&apos;importance èconomique majeure, ont èté caractérisées par l&apos;analyse du polymorphisme de restriction obtenu après digestion et hybridation de leur ADN total, avec des sondes homologues marquées radioactivemenl. Celles-ci sont des séquences répétées, isolées au hasard à partir d&apos;une banque génomique construite avec l&apos;ADN de larves de M. incogniLa « Côte d&apos;Ivoire ». Les hybridations réalisées avec trois de ces sondes révèlent des différences au sein des profils de restriction, exploitables sur le plan taxonomique, tant au niveau intra-qu&apos;interspécifique. De plus, des profils caractéristiques de chacune des principales espèces, M. incognila, M. arenaria et iVI. javanica, ont été mis en évidence

Molecular characterization of species and populations of Meloidogyne from various geographic origins with repeated-DNA homologous probes

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