Collisional excitation and recombination pumped soft X-ray lasers

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An Investigation of the Impact of a Social Constructivist Teaching Approach, based on Trigger Questions, Through Measures of Mental Workload and Efficiency

Social constructivism is grounded on the construction of information with a focus on collaborative learning through social interactions. However, it tends to ignore the human mental architecture, pillar of cognitivism. A characteristic of cognitivism is that instructional designs built upon it are generally explicit, contrarily to constructivism. This position paper proposes a novel learning task that is aimed at combining both the approaches through the use of trigger questions in a collaborative activity executed after a traditional delivery of instructions. To evaluate this new task, a metric of efficiency based upon a measure of mental workload and a measure of performance is proposed. The former measure is taken from Ergonomics, and two well know subjective self-reporting mental workload assessment techniques are envisioned. The latter measure is taken from an objective quantitative assessment of the performance of learners employing concept maps

PROGRESS IN X-RAY LASER RESEARCH - SATURATED AND COHERENT EMISSION AT 236-A

A sender of a personal ad, who usually does not have any theoretical knowledge of rhetoric, intuitively uses simple schemes in the text which are based on the syntactic modifications of zero level. The schemes, which are discussed in this article, do not introduce any changes on the semantic level, as a result, they do not cause ambiguity and they do not make the text’s reception more difficult. On the one hand, making such schemes is easy, by and large, it does not demand the knowledge of theoretical basis of rhetoric. On the other hand, the schemes have an influence on rhythmicality and dynamic of the text. Consequently, they make the reception of the text easier and, in addition, the text becomes more attractive for a virtual recipient.A sender of a personal ad, who usually does not have any theoretical knowledge of rhetoric, intuitively uses simple schemes in the text which are based on the syntactic modifications of zero level. The schemes, which are discussed in this article, do not introduce any changes on the semantic level, as a result, they do not cause ambiguity and they do not make the text’s reception more difficult. On the one hand, making such schemes is easy, by and large, it does not demand the knowledge of theoretical basis of rhetoric. On the other hand, the schemes have an influence on rhythmicality and dynamic of the text. Consequently, they make the reception of the text easier and, in addition, the text becomes more attractive for a virtual recipient