IDE Gene Polymorphism Influences on BPSD in Mild Dementia of Alzheimer's Type

Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) degrades amyloid β (Aβ), which may inhibit the accumulation of Aβ in a brain affected with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT). A decrease in the activity of IDE results in changes in glucose utilization in the brain, which could affect the cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of DAT. We investigated a possible association of IDE gene polymorphism and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in mild DAT. The genotyping for IDE and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was determined in 207 patients with mild DAT and 215 controls. The occurrence of BPSD was demonstrated using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). IDE gene polymorphism is unlikely to play a substantial role in conferring susceptibility to DAT, but it may be involved in the development of affective disturbance through the course of mild DAT, regardless of the presence of an ApoE ε4 allele. The present data could be the result of a small sample size. Further investigations using larger samples are thus required to clarify the correlation between IDE gene polymorphism, susceptibility to DAT, and emergence of BPSD

On-line Identification of Electro-Conductivity in Electrolytic Solutions

An on-line method is proposed to identify electro-conductivity in electrolytic solutions. The method uses a model of a cell of electrolytic solutions in a micro reactor modeled by an electronic circuit. The circuit consists of a cell part with a resister and a capacitor connected in series and a measurement part having a resister. Then the resistance and the capacitance of the cell part are identified to calculate the electro-conductivity. The identification scheme is the least-square method with a forgetting factor calculated on-line. To avoid the effect of differentiation of measured signals, a filter is added to the identification method. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is shown by numerical simulation.</p

Clinical Study IDE Gene Polymorphism Influences on BPSD in Mild Dementia of Alzheimer&apos;s Type

Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) degrades amyloid β (Aβ), which may inhibit the accumulation of Aβ in a brain affected with dementia of Alzheimer&apos;s type (DAT). A decrease in the activity of IDE results in changes in glucose utilization in the brain, which could affect the cognitive and psychiatric symptoms of DAT. We investigated a possible association of IDE gene polymorphism and the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in mild DAT. The genotyping for IDE and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) was determined in 207 patients with mild DAT and 215 controls. The occurrence of BPSD was demonstrated using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer&apos;s Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). IDE gene polymorphism is unlikely to play a substantial role in conferring susceptibility to DAT, but it may be involved in the development of affective disturbance through the course of mild DAT, regardless of the presence of an ApoE ε4 allele. The present data could be the result of a small sample size. Further investigations using larger samples are thus required to clarify the correlation between IDE gene polymorphism, susceptibility to DAT, and emergence of BPSD

Bone healing of critical-sized nasal defects in rabbits by statins in two different carriers

Objectives: To evaluate bone healing following implantation of a statin with two different carriers in rabbit nasal bone using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Materials and methods: Twenty adult, male Japanese white rabbits (age: 12-16 weeks, weight: 2.5-3kg) were used in this study. Five bone circular defects (5mm in diameter) per rabbit were created in the nasal bone while preserving the nasal membrane. In the experimental groups, 2.5mg/ml simvastatin dissolved in 0.2ml water with hydrogel was implanted in one group, 2.5mg/ml simvastatin dissolved in 0.2ml water with an atelocollagen sponge (ACS) in the second group with, only the hydrogel in the third group and only an ACS in the fourth group. No material was implanted in the control group. Four animals were killed in each period, at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The parts that had been operated on were removed and prepared for histological assessment. The expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2 and the bone ration was evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Results: No significant differences were observed between the simvastatin with hydrogel group and the simvastatin with ACS group at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively regarding expression of BMP-2, although the number of cells that stained positive for BMP-2 in both of the implanted groups increased significantly at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively in comparison with the control group (P<0.0001). For new bone area ratio, there were no significant differences between the simvastatin with hydrogel groups and the simvastatin with ACS group after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, although these groups showed higher value than control group (P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study suggests that both the simvastatin with hydrogel and simvastatin with ACS implants showed similar BMP-2 expression and new bone formation, and there were no significant differences between the two carriers. To cite this article: , Mukozawa A, Ueki K, Marukawa K, Okabe K, Moroi A, Nakagawa K. Bone healing of critical-sized nasal defects in rabbits by statins in two different carriers., Clin. Oral Impl. Res. xx, 2011; 000-000., doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02135.x © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S

Maxillary stability after le Fort i osteotomy using three different plate systems

The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative changes in maxillary stability after Le Fort I osteotomy in three groups: with an unsintered hydroxyapatite (u-HA)/poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) plate; a PLLA plate; and a titanium plate. Subjects comprised 60 Japanese patients diagnosed with mandibular prognathism. All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. All patients were randomized in groups of 20 to a u-HA/PLLA group, a PLLA plate group and a titanium plate group. Changes in postoperative time intervals between the plate groups were compared using lateral and posteroanterior cephalography. The uHA/PLLA group had significantly larger values than the PLLA group regarding change of mx1-S perpendicular to SN between 3 and 12 months (T3) (P = 0.0269). The uHA/PLLA group had a significantly larger value than the PLLA group regarding change of S-A perpendicular to SN between baseline and 1 month (T1) (P = 0.0257). There was no significant difference in the other measurements. This study suggests that maxillary stability with satisfactory results could be obtained in the u-HA/PLLA, PLLA plate and titanium plate groups, although there was a slight difference between the u-HA/PLLA and PLLA plate systems in Le Fort I osteotomy. © 2012 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Changes in the lip closing force of patients with Class III malocclusion before and after orthognathic surgery

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in lip pressure before and after orthognathic surgery for skeletal Class III patients. The subject groups were 32 female and 31 male patients diagnosed with mandibular prognathism and/or maxillary retrognathism who underwent orthognathic surgery. Control groups consisted of 20 women and 20 men with normal occlusion without dento-alveolar deformity. Maximum and minimum lip closing force was measured with Lip De Cum ® for the control groups and subject groups preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. The difference between the pre- and postoperative values of the groups was examined statistically. The maximum lip closing force in men was significantly larger than that in women in both the preoperative Class III group (p = 0.0330) and the control group (p = 0.0097). The preoperative Class III group was significantly smaller than the control group in maximum lip closing force in both men (p < 0.0001) and women (p < 0.0001). The postoperative maximum lip closing force was significantly larger than the preoperative value in both men (p = 0.0037) and women (p = 0.0273) in the Class III group. This study suggested that the maximum lip closing force increases after orthognathic surgery in Class III patients. © 2012 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Esthetic improvement using conventional orthodontic devices after segmental osteotomy in treatment of malpositioned implants

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学

Effect of self-setting α-tricalcium phosphate between segments for bone healing and hypoaesthesia in lower lip after sagittal split ramus osteotomy

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate hypoaesthesia of the lower lip and bone formation using self-setting α-tricalcium phosphate (Biopex®) between the proximal and distal segments following sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) with bent absorbable plate fixation. Subjects and methods: The subjects were 40 patients (80 sides) who underwent bilateral SSRO setback surgery. They were divided into a Biopex® group (40 sides) and a control group (40 sides). The Biopex® was inserted into the anterior part of the gap between the segments in the Biopex® group. Trigeminal nerve hypoaesthesia in the region of the lower lip was assessed bilaterally using the trigeminal somatosensory-evoked potential (TSEP) method. Ramus square, ramus length, and ramus width, the square of the Biopex® at the horizontal plane under the mandibular foramen were assessed preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and 1 year postoperatively by computed tomography (CT). Results: The mean measurable period and standard deviation were 9.3 ± 15.7 weeks in the control group, 5.3 ± 8.3 weeks in the Biopex® group, and there was no significant difference. Ramus square after 1 year was significantly larger than that prior to surgery and new bone formation was found between the segments in both groups (P < 0.05). In the Biopex® group, the square of the Biopex® after 1 year was significantly smaller than that immediately after surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that inserting Biopex® in the gap between the proximal and distal segments was useful for new bone formation and it did not prevent the recovery of lower lip hypoaesthesia after SSRO with bent absorbable plate fixation. © 2011 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery