Electrochemical reduction of carbonyl compounds

Cyclic voltammograms were taken for aromatic carbonyl compounds like benzaldehyde and acetophenone in 0.2M sulphuric acid medium and Mcilvaine buffer at lead electrodes. Galvanostatic reduction of both aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compdunds was carried out at tin and zinc electrodes in alkaline and acid medium, to obtain corresponding pinacols and alcohol

Status survey of slender loris Loris tardigradus lydekkerianus in Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India

A survey of the slender loris Loris tardi gradus, a Vulnerable primate, was carried out in the Dindigul Forests of Tamil Nadu, India, in 1996 in order to assess prevalence. Lorises were found in high densities in the open Euphorbia scrub forests and in crop lands nearby. Although most often seen in bushes and Acacia trees, the species uses a wide variety of vegetation and substrates. Individuals were found mostly at an altitude of 300-500 m. Body measurements taken on sample animals revealed that the population belongs to the subspecies L. t. lydekkerianus. Conservation measures for the species in this region include additional surveys and evaluation of prospects for establishing a slender loris sanctuary

Development of environment friendly high voltage metal/N-halogen organic cell systems

13-22<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";="" mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The employment of organic materials such as dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCIA), trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCIA), N,N'-dichlorodimethylhydantoin (DDH) and trichloromelamine (TCM) in the energy delivery devices has been addressed in two ways. First, these materials have been coupled with magnesium in the presence of aqueous medium of magnesium perchlorate electrolyte. Secondly, on the consideration of, cost, magnesium anodes have been replaced with zinc and zinc/N-halogen organic cells were also constructed using the aqueous ammonium chloride;-zinc chloride solutions. In both the cases, the metal/N-halogen organic cells ascribe to, (a) High open circuit potential (up to 1 V vs Ag/AgCl), (b) High open circuit voltage (up to, 2.67 V), (c) High closed circuit voltage (up to 2.45 V) and (c) High energy density (up to 798 Wh kg-1 of the organic. compound). High melting point of these cathodic materials and their non-toxic properties would supplement the scope of their commercial viability for high temperature applications as well, befitting the environmental requirements.</span

Effect of acetylene black on the reduction of m-dinitrobenzene depolarizer

Among the many organic compounds used as depolarizers, m-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) is found to be attractive due to its high coloumbic efficiency and voltage constancy. The performance of m-DNB depolarizer depends on the nature and quantity of conducting materials used. Optimised cathode mix consisting of m-DNB and acetylene black in the ratio 2:1 gives maximum capacity due to its high electrical conductivit

Population distribution and conservation of the four-horned antelope (Tet- racerus quadricornis) in the tropical forest of Southern India

Abstract Population density, distribution patterns and conservation problems of the four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) were assessed in the Mudumalai Wild Life Sanctuary, Southern India. The antelopes were found to be restricted to dry deciduous and dry thorn forests in the northern and eastern areas of the sanctuary in an area of approximately 79 km 2 . The ecological density of the antelope was 0.88 individual/km 2 and the crude density was ~0.22 individual/km 2 . Within the dry deciduous forest, the antelopes were further restricted to flat short grass patches and hilly areas with open canopy patches of tall grass. The antelopes were relatively more abundant in the dry deciduous short grass habitat than in the dry deciduous tall grass and dry thorn forests. They also seemed to have higher preference for hill slopes with semi-open canopy (&gt;70%). Antelopes and evidence of their presence have not been seen in recent years in some eastern areas of the sanctuary where antelopes were seen until 1990. We attribute the range decline to the overgrazing by cattle and the resultant weed invasion in the recent years

Value Chain Analysis of Wheat in North Karnataka, India

The world desperately needs a change in the global food system that will result in more nutritious food for everyone and a significant reduction in the environmental impact of agriculture. The present study was conducted in selected districts of North Karnataka during 2022-23. To study the value chain mapping, primary data have been collected through the survey method by adopting a multistage random sampling technique. The value chain highlighted the involvement of diverse actors who participated directly or indirectly in the value chain. Different actors identified in the study area were input suppliers, farmers, traders and commission agents, wholesalers, retailers, and ultimately consumers. Three channels were placed in the value chain system of raw wheat grain in the study area. The results revealed that the degree of value addition on raw wheat grains at the retailer level was highest (11.14% and 11.34%) in channels I and II, respectively. Because the quantity sold through retailers was less, there was also less risk regarding spoilage of produce. With respect to the four primary processing product value addition results, processing units were substantially contributing more value addition as compared to the other two intermediaries in the value chain. Processing units require huge capital investment and plenty of resources