Hysterosalpingographic Findings in Patients with Infertility in South Eastern Nigeria

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is still an integral part of gynecological evaluation of infertile couple and its value has not been underestimated in modern gynecological practice, especially in developing countries.The study aims to evaluate the findings at HSG in patients presenting with infertility at the Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital,Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive HSG results of patients presenting with infertility was done between January 2005-April 2008. Their clinical records and radiological findings were analyzed for demographic data, and cervical, uterine and tubal, pathology.The commonest age group was between 25 -34 years. Sixty-five percent presented with secondary infertility while 35% presented with secondary infertility. Hysterosalpingographic findings were abnormal in 80% of patients(primary infertility 20% and secondary infertility 60%). Bilateral tubal blockage and bilateral fimbrial adhesion were the commonest tubal factor abnormalities while intracavitary mass impression and cervical synechia were the commonest findings for uterine and cervical factor abnormalities respectively. Tubal blockage and tubal factor infertilityare still common among infertile couples. This may probably be due to chronic pelvic inflammatory disease or pelvic infection following sexually transmitted infections, mismanaged pregnancies and septic abortions, as most of the patients presented with secondary infertility. Measures to prevent the occurrence of these infections are highlighted.Keywords: Hysterosalpingography, Infertility, Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria

Presentations Of Adolescent Gynaecological Disorders At The Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria

Background : The adolescent period represents a time of considerable change in a woman\'s lifetime as reproductive capacity is achieved and sexual activity commences. This period might be attended by different gynaecological disorders. Objective: This study was to determine the common gynaecological disorders among adolescents, who presented at the gynaecological clinic of the Ebonyi State University Teaching Hospital. Method: A retrospective study of all cases of adolescent gynaecologic presentations seen in the gynaecologic clinic. Emergency cases seen at the Accident and Emergency clinic were excluded. The study spanned 5 years - September 2000 to August 2005. Information was extracted from case notes retrieved from the central records department and analyzed. Result: Adolescents constituted 5.4% of the 3,703 new gynaecologic patients seen during the review period. They presented mainly with menstrual disorders (21%), abortion complications (18%) and reproductive tract infections (15%). Other presentations included: infertility 6.5%, pelvic masses 6%, sexual assault 4%, labial fusion 3%, and utero-vaginal prolapse 2%. Urethral prolapse, vesicovaginal fistula, Bartholin\'s cyst and Asherman\'s syndrome were also seen. Conclusion: Adolescents constitute a significant number of gynaecological clinic patients with varied disorders. Doctors and other health care personnel directly involved in the management of adolescents in gynaecology must be equipped to treat this delicate group with empathy and expertise. Early marriages should be discouraged. Keywords: Abakaliki, Adolescents, Disorders, Gynaecological, Nigeria.Ebonyi Medical Journal Vol. 6 (2) 2007: pp. 89-9